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Connective Tissue Lactic Acid
1,736 wordsThe immediate source of energy for muscular contraction is the high-energy phosphate compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Although ATP is not the only energy-carrying molecule in the cell, it is the most important one, and without sufficient amounts of ATP most cells die quickly. The three main parts of an ATP molecule are: an adenine portion, a ribose portion, and three phosphates linked together. The formation of ATP occurs by combining adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosph...
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Depletion Of The Ozone Layer
1,370 words... portion of the ozone layer is a major concern today. The ozone layer protects us from the harmful rays of the sun; therefore it is imperative that we preserve it. Since more pollutants are produced today than ever before (because of the major increase in the population), there is a major concern that we create less pollutants to help conserve the ozone layer. In this research paper I will give vital information on how pollution affects the ozone layer and methods instituted to help the ozone...
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Positive And Negative Conduct Electricity
595 wordsElectrolytes are liquids that conduct electricity. Most need to be dissolved into water or another solvent. Battery's have an electrolyte in them, either as a liquid or as a paste. Liquid electrolytes are used in electrolysis, electroplating, and other chemical processes. When electrolytes dissolve they release positive and negative ions. The released ions carry electric charges between electrodes, in the solution. Cations (a positively charged ion that migrates to the cathode, a negative electr...
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Nitrogenous Bases Amino Acids
999 wordsDeoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid are two chemical substances involved in transmitting genetic information from parent to offspring. It was known early into the 20 th century that chromosomes, the genetic material of cells, contained DNA. In 1944, Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty concluded that DNA was the basic genetic component of chromosomes. Later, RNA would be proven to regulate protein synthesis. DNA is the genetic material found in most viruses and in all cel...
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Size And Strength Anabolic Steroids
1,721 words"Steroids. " It's a familiar word with typically negative connotations, yet they have benefits behind the drug also. No doubt you " ve heard about athletes who abuse steroids. Or you may be all too aware of the bad side effects associated with steroid medications. Well Ill be talking about steroids in depth. What steroids are composed of, development of steroids, how it was given a bad name, how it works in the major parts of the body, and better way steroids can be used. What are Steroids? Ster...
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Electron Transport Hydrogen Ions
778 wordsElectron transport is the last phase and most important phase of cell respiration. It accounts for most of the ATP made in cell respiration. Cell respiration makes a total of thirty eight Atp's, two from Glycolysis, two from the Krebs cycle and thirty four from electron transports. Electron transport takes place after Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle make their ATP through substrate level Phosphorylation while electron transport makes its ATP through oxidative phosp...
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Johannes Van Der Waals
1,302 wordsJohannes Diderik van der Waals was born on November 23, 1837 in Leyden, located in The Netherlands. His parents were Jacobus van der Waals, a carpenter and Elisabeth van den Burg. Without having much money to start with, van der Waals had to work his way up the latter. After completing his elementary education in Leyden, he became a schoolteacher. Having no prior knowledge of classical languages, and being exempt from taking academic examinations, he continued studying at Leyden University in hi...
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Ozone Layer Ultraviolet Rays
1,294 wordsAtmospheric ozone layer depletion is a serious problem currently facing the world. The ozone layer protects humans, animals, and plants from harmful ultraviolet rays. Money and time are being spent on ozone repair, but the problem still exists. The ozone layer is a region of the stratosphere containing ozone, or O 3 gas. The ozone layer is essential to both plant and animal life on earth because it protects the surface from dangerous ultraviolet light. However, industrial and domestic chemicals ...
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Concentration And Reaction Rate
1,776 wordster> How concentration affects reaction rate. The aim of this investigation is to see how the concentration of a reactant in ratio to the reactor affects the rate of a reaction. When hydrochloric acid and Thiosulphate react together sulphur is liberated this means that as the reaction goes on the solution will become yellow and will change from being transparent to translucent to opaque. The sulphur is formed as a solid but not in the usual precipitation way. Na 2 + S 2 + 2 HCL 2 NaCl+...
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Piece Of Paper Oxygen Molecules
1,524 wordsIn 1839, a German scientist Christian Schonbein was a professor of chemistry at the University of Basel in Switzerland. In addition to his teaching duties, he regularly performed secret experiments in hopes of finding out which substances make up the Earth's atmosphere. So Schonbein combined and separated a number of liquids and gases. During one of these experiments, Schonbein passed an electric charge thought a glass beaker of water, be noticed a very familiar odor. He first thought it was the...
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Dna Gel Electrophoresis Research
1,724 wordsThe main objective of this lab was to identify unknown plasmids by observation of their genotype and phenotype. We observed the plasmids phenotype by using it to transform bacteria. When the plasmid is in a bacterial host the antibiotic resistance gene can be expressed and impart resistance to the host. We also analyzed the genotype of the unknown plasmid by performing a variety of molecular genetic techniques such as predigestion, electrophoresis in arose gel, staining with ethidium bromide, an...
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Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
3,264 wordsBrain Chemistry and Recent Advances The mysteries surrounding the complexity of the brain and how it works has led scientists in diverse fields to search for answers. Chemicals in the brain and the reactions that take place are being understood now more than ever due to continuing research in genetics, pharmacology, and mental illness. Study and research in genetics has helped identify some of the genes involved in producing, receiving, or sending certain chemical reactions, the way they work, a...
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Sugar Molecules Linked Aldehyde Or Ketone Group Monosaccharides
387 wordsThere are three principal kinds of carbohydrates and each are classified according to the number of sugar molecules they contain. Monosaccharides, such as ribose, glucose, and fructose, contain only one sugar molecule. Disaccharides consist of two sugar molecules linked covalently. Familiar examples are sucrose (table sugar), maltose (malt sugar), and lactose (milk sugar). Polysaccharides, such as cellulose and starch, contain many sugar molecules linked together. Monosaccharides are organic com...
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Chemical Reactions Three Types
890 wordsChemical Chemical Reactions CHEMICAL REACTIONS Chemical reactions are the heart of chemistry. People have always known that they exist. The Ancient Greeks were the firsts to speculate on the composition of matter. They thought that it was possible that individual particles made up matter. Later, in the Seventeenth Century, a German chemist named George Ernst Stahl was the first to speak of chemical reaction, specifically, combustion. He said that a substance called phlogiston escaped into the ai...
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Amount Of Energy Oxygen Atoms
1,983 wordsPlanning In this investigation I will be burning alcohols to heat up a beaker of water. I will be burning five alcohols, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol. The aim is to find out how much energy is produced when burning these alcohols. An alcohol is a series of organic homologous compounds, with the general formula Cn H n + 1 OH´ . Alcohols react with oxygen in the air to form water and carbon dioxide. The reaction that is involved in burning alcohols is exothermic because ...
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Carbon Atoms Specific Heat
4,299 wordsI am going to investigate the difference in enthalpy of combustion for a number of alcohols, the enthalpy of combustion being the enthalpy change when one mole of any substance is completely burnt in oxygen under the stated conditions. I will be attempting to find how the number of carbon atoms the alcohol contains effects the enthalpy change that occurs during the combustion of the alcohol. Method I plan to measure the enthalpy change by burning the alcohol, using a spirit burner, I will then u...
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Rate Of Reaction Amino Acids
1,401 wordsEnzymes? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The majority of the reactions that occur in living organisms are enzyme-controlled. Without them, the rate of the reactions would be so slow as to cause serious, if not fatal, damage. Without enzymes toxins would soon build up and the supply of respiratory substrate would decrease. ? Enzymes are proteins and thus have a specific shape. They are therefore specific in the reactions that they catalyst? one enzyme will react with molecules...
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Human Genome Project Dna Fragments
1,943 wordsGene Mapping began when the U. S. Government held a conference to explore if DNA damage occurred in people exposed to low levels of radiation in Japan after the 1945 Atomic Bombs. There, scientists quickly realized that observing the human genome could be useful in discovering environmental mutates. Shortly afterwards, Renato Dulbecco revealed the entire sequence of human DNA and had a great impact on cancer research (Purves, et al. 1998). In 1990, scientists from around the world began the Huma...
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Ozone Layer Ultraviolet Rays
1,260 wordsAtmospheric ozone layer depletion is a serious problem currently facing the world. The ozone layer protects humans, animals, and plants from harmful ultraviolet rays. Money and time are being spent on ozone repair, but the problem still exists. The ozone layer is a region of the stratosphere containing ozone, or O 3 gas. The ozone layer is essential to both plant and animal life on earth because it protects the surface from dangerous ultraviolet light. However, industrial and domestic chemicals ...
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Amino Acids Dna Molecule
245 wordsProtein Synthesis Protein synthesis is the process by which genetic information from the DNA stored in the nucleus is transferred to the ribosomes where it is used to arrange amino acids into proteins. The DNA molecule in the nucleus is unzipped by an enzyme called polymerase. From one of these single strands of a DNA molecule, a mRNA molecule is built. This is accomplished by an enzyme which travels along a portion of DNA between two exons and attaches the opposing base pairs to the backbone of...
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