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Solid State Lasers Back And Forth
2,014 wordsLaser is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. In the last century many types of lasers have been used for many different applications from welding to surgery to military and even many uses in every day life by harnessing the principles of light and stimulated emission. To understand how lasers work we must first understand the physics behind light waves. Light is emitted from a source and travels in straight lines and when it strikes an object is either absorbe...
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Crude Oil Carbon Atoms
2,303 wordsThe Statistics and History of Crude Oil 4 The Statistics and History of Crude Oil A mixture of comparatively volatile liquid hydrocarbons (compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon with some nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen) that occurs in the Earth's crust and is extracted for use as fuel and various petroleum products, what is this? Crude oil. Because crude oil is a mixture of widely varying constituents and proportions, its physical properties also vary widely. Crude oil is first pumped up...
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Mcgraw Hill Book Hill Book Company
1,599 wordsChemistry has been called the science of what things are. Its intent is the exploration of the nature of the materials that fabricate our physical environment, why they hold the different properties that depict them, how their atomic structure may be fathomed, and how they may be manipulated and changed. Although organic reactions have been conducted by man since the discovery of fire, the science of Organic chemistry did not develop until the turn of the eighteenth century, mainly in France at ...
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Sulfuric Acid Sodium Hydroxide
1,751 wordsAcid Rain Written by: Ali Right Introduction Acid rain has become an environmental concern of global importance within the last decade. With the increasing environmental awareness of the "unhealthy" condition of our planet earth the concern about acid rain has not lessened. In brief, acid rain is rain with pH values of less than 5. 6. When dealing with acid rain one must study and understand the process of making Sulfuric acid. In this project we will take an in depth look into the production of...
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Oil And Gas Earths Crust
1,469 wordsPetroleum also known as crude oil, naturally occurring oily is a bituminous liquid composed of organic chemicals. Petroleum means rock oil, from the Greek petros (rock) and oleum (oil). It occurs in the earth in liquid, gaseous or solid forms. The term is usually restricted to the liquid form, commonly called crude oil but as a technical term it also includes natural gas and the viscous or solid form known as bitumen. Petroleum is a complex mixture of organic liquids consisting of hydrocarbons (...
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Nuclear Power Plants Amount Of Energy
2,517 wordsModern technologies and industries use huge quantities of energy every moment, to run each machines, and to create heat, light and refrigeration, and people base their life-style on the certainty of readily available sources of energy. In almost all developing countries the demand for energy is growing as populations increase. Energy use is closely tied to health and well-being. The fast-growing demand for energy all around the world offers the opportunity for people to avoid the high-energy and...
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Cortisol And The Chemical Effects To Body
693 wordsCortisol and the Chemical effects to the body. The hormone cortisol, which is released in the body during stressed or agitated states, has gained widespread attention as the so-called "stress hormone. " (Stoppler, M. C, M. D. , 2005) Cortisol is secreted by adrenal glands. It is the main glucocorticoid hormone, which is produced in response to any physical or emotional stress. Cortisol regulates the level of carbohydrates, muscle proteins and fats. The concentration of cortisol can be increased ...
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Three Phases Law States
528 wordsSolids, liquids, and gases are the three main, or fundamental phases of matter. Each one has a different density and a different level of stability. What determines the stability of each phase is the bond between its atoms. The tighter the bond between its atoms the more stable that phase of matter is. Solids are the most stable form of matter, followed by liquids, and then gases. Solids have a definite shape and do not take the shape of their container. Liquids do not have any definite shape an...
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Internal Combustion Engine Hydrogen And Oxygen
2,006 wordsToday many Americans face a lot of economical and environmental challenges. There is pollution in the air, water, and even lying on the ground all around them. Oil and gasoline products derived from petroleum are skyrocketing in price. Brownouts and blackouts are occurring in heavy power usage areas in the United States. What do these problems all have in common; a common solution: Fuel cell technology. A fuel cell is as defined by Webster is an electrochemical generator that produces direct cur...
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Negatively Charged Positively Charged
571 wordsFusion reactions are inhibited by the electrical repulsive force that acts between two positively charged nuclei. For fusion to occur, the two nuclei must approach each other at high speed to overcome the electrical repulsion and attain a sufficiently small separation (less than one-trillionth of a centimeter) that the short-range strong nuclear force dominates. For the production of useful amounts of energy, a large number of nuclei must under go fusion: that is to say, a gas of fusing nuclei m...
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H 2 O Hydrogen Gas
635 wordsHydrogen is the Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen is the lightest element. It is by far the most abundant element in the universe and makes up about about 90 % of the universe by weight. Hydrogen as water (H 2 O) is absolutely essential to life and it is present in all organic compounds. Hydrogen gas was used in lighter-than-air balloons for transport but is far too dangerous because of the fire risk (Hindenburg). commercial fixation of nitrogen from the air in the Haber ammonia process hydrogenation o...
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Back And Forth Stimulated Emission
1,080 wordsThe light from lasers differs from ordinary light in several important aspects. Ordinary light from a light bulb travels randomly in all directions (unless the bulb is equipped with an integral reflector that directs the light). The light is thus incoherent. Even when incoherent light is directed with a reflector, it still spreads rapidly. The light from a laser is temporary and spatially coherent. This means that all of the wave-fronts of light are lined up in time and space (see Diagrams). The...
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Amino Acids Industrial Revolution
1,571 wordsLet me say it right now. Everything you thought was the limit of human kind is wrong. The strongest weapon is not the nuclear bomb. The strongest material is not steel. Your brain is not the fastest computer on the earth. The sky is not the limit. Humanity has not reached it full potential. How can I make these statements? I am informed. There is a revolution coming, it may be bloody, but more than likely it will not be. There will be casualties, maybe not human ones. This is not a military revo...
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Positively Charged Copper Wire
2,325 wordsAim: -To find out what factors affect the resistance of a wire (besides current of temperature. ) We must use two different variables. Variables: -Variables Chosen Variables Length of wire. Thickness Type of wire. Chosen Variable: -I have chosen length of wire as one as my variables because it will give me a good range of results. I will be able to compare the results from the shortest wire to the longest. I will start at 100 cm then I will take 10 cm off each time until I get to 50 cm. (100, 90...
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Carbon Atoms Ch 4
471 wordsElement? a substance which cannot be broken down into two or more substances by any means. Only contains one type of atom. Compound? a substance in which atoms of two or more elements have been chemically combined. Ionic Bonding · Metals bonding with non-metals · Involves transfer of electrons from metal to non-metal, so that both species obtain full outer shell electron configurations (Noble gas configuration). · Metals lose electrons to form positive ions (Cations). &middo...
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Quantum Mechanics Quantum Physics
1,568 wordsWhile researching quantum physics, I realized that I had just finished a book that was based on quantum theory. At the time, I didn t quite realize that quantum theory and quantum physics were related except in name. Niels Bohr once said, Anyone who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it. He believed this because quantum physics makes the common laws of classical physics false on small scales. First, quantum physics is the physics of the incredibly small. It tries to explain the ...
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Renewable Energy Sources Fossil Fuels
2,607 wordsEnergy is one of the most fundamental parts of our universe. We use energy to do work. Energy lights our cities. Energy powers our vehicles, trains, planes and rockets. Energy warms our homes, cooks our food, plays our music, gives us pictures on television. Energy powers machinery in factories. Energy is defined as the ability to do work. When we eat, our bodies transform the food into energy to do work. When we run or walk, we burn food energy in our bodies. When we think or read or write, we ...
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Carbon Dioxide Ozone Layer
1,519 wordsIn environmental science the green house effect is a common term for the role water vapor; carbon dioxide and ozone play in keeping the earths surface warmer than it would normally be. The atmosphere is primarily transparent to infrared radiation from the sun, which is mostly absorbed by the earths surface. The earth being much cooler than the sun, remits radiation most strongly at infrared wavelengths. Water vapor, carbon dioxide and ozone then absorb much of this radiation and remit a large pr...
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World War Ii Werner Heisenberg
4,499 wordsWerner Heisenberg And The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Werner Heisenberg And The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 2 Books related to Werner Heisenberg and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Werner Heisenberg and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Werner Heisenberg, born in the dawn of the twentieth century became one of its greatest physicists; he is also among its most controversial. While still in his early twenties, he was among the handful of bright, young men who created quantum mec...
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Sodium Hydroxide Hydrochloric Acid
600 wordsBack titration: Work to be done: To find out the atomic mass of a substance using a method called back titration. Chemicals and apparatus: Magnesium Beaker Glass Burette Distilled water Methyl red 0. 5 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH 1. 0 M hydrochloric acid, HCl Lab-work: The name of the experiment explains the way of doing it quite well. You do measure how much you have of the substances and then do the titration. My mission was to find out the atomic mass of magnesium. I took a sample and weighted i...
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