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Ozone Depletion Ozone Layer
5,350 wordsFrom: (Robert Parson) Newsgroups: sci. environment, sci. answers, news. answers Subject: Ozone Depletion FAQ Part I: Introduction to the Ozone Layer Organization: University of Colorado, Boulder Expires: Sun, 1 Feb 1998 00: 00: 00 GMT Message-ID: 67 rss$ Summary: This is the first of four files dealing with stratospheric ozone depletion. It provides scientific background for the more detailed questions in the other three parts. Keywords: ozone layer cfc stratosphere depletion These files are pos...
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Atomic Mass Mass Spectrometer
455 wordsThe moles beginning is traced back to the most basic units of matter, atoms. Since atoms are extremely small, scientists have perplexed a great deal over finding a way to measure atomic mass. They struggled to find a universal container that had the capability to mass atoms. Measuring the mass of one atom on a balance in grams is not practical, because the result in grams is an amount too small to be of any use in the laboratory. Fortunately, a new idea came about. If two or more same amounts of...
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Piece Of Paper Oxygen Molecules
1,524 wordsIn 1839, a German scientist Christian Schonbein was a professor of chemistry at the University of Basel in Switzerland. In addition to his teaching duties, he regularly performed secret experiments in hopes of finding out which substances make up the Earth's atmosphere. So Schonbein combined and separated a number of liquids and gases. During one of these experiments, Schonbein passed an electric charge thought a glass beaker of water, be noticed a very familiar odor. He first thought it was the...
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Hydrogen Atoms Oxygen Atoms
824 wordsTwo Americans and a Japanese were awarded this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing more efficient chemical reactions to produce many medicines, including L-dopa, the standard treatment for Parkinson's disease. Dr. William S. Knowles, 84, of St. Louis, who retired from the Monsanto Company in 1986, and Dr. Ryoji Noyori, 63, director of the Research Center for Materials Science at Nagoya University in Japan, shared half of the $ 950, 000 award. Dr. K. Barry Sharpless, 60, a professor of...
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Solid State Lasers Beam Of Light
1,749 wordsL A S E R S Did you know that some laser beams are small enough and powerful enough to drill two hundred holes on a spot as tiny as the head of a pin? The first major advancement in laser development came in 1954. This was the year that Charles H. Townes, an American physicist, created a device that amplified microwaves. This device was actually called a maser at first, which was short for Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Masers. It produced microwaves of just one freq...
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Recovering Lost Atoms Of Cosmos
1,430 wordsRecovering Lost Atoms Of Cosmos I would like to talk about the history of our Universe and subjects, which concerns this topic. First of all I would like to summarize the article about recovering lost atoms of cosmos. I chose this article because it introduces the topic in interesting and exciting way. It also clarifies many points and gives a good brainstorm. The specific chemistry, which is used here, is another peace of work. I will stop on chemistry later for better specification. It was a c...
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Carbon Atoms Measuring Cylinder
3,479 wordsComparing Energy Release from the Combustion of Alcohols I am going to investigate the energy released by burning alcohol called the enthalpy of combustion. I will be trying to find out how the number of Carbon atoms the alcohol contains effects the enthalpy change that occurs during combustion. The Alcohols are a series of related organic molecules where each member has the -OH (hydroxyl) group in the molecule. The general formula of an alcohol is: Cn H 2 n+ 1 OH, where n is the number of Carbo...
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Amount Of Energy Oxygen Atoms
1,983 wordsPlanning In this investigation I will be burning alcohols to heat up a beaker of water. I will be burning five alcohols, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol. The aim is to find out how much energy is produced when burning these alcohols. An alcohol is a series of organic homologous compounds, with the general formula Cn H n + 1 OH´ . Alcohols react with oxygen in the air to form water and carbon dioxide. The reaction that is involved in burning alcohols is exothermic because ...
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Atomic Theory Chemical Reactions
379 wordsAtomic Dalton Theory Dalton s Atomic Theory John Dalton developed the first useful atomic theory of matter around 1803. In the course of his studies on meteorology, Dalton concluded that evaporated water exists in air as an independent gas. Solid bodies cant occupy the same space at the same time, but water and air could. If the water and air were made of discrete particles, evaporation might be viewed as a mixing of water particles with air particles. He performed a series of experiments on mix...
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Speed Of Light Lightning Bolt
3,469 wordsElectricity Electricity WHAT IS ELECTRICITY Electricity is a form of energy. Thats because we can use electricity to do things for us, like run machines and computers. Electricity also can be transformed into other types of energy such as heat or light and is used to heat our homes, light our cities and towns and power the computers we are using. Electricity is the type of energy that is invisible. Its made of moving electrons that are so small and move so fast that we cannot see them. The elect...
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Hydrogen Bomb Nuclear Fusion
2,740 wordsFusion reactions are inhibited by the electrical repulsive force that acts between two positively charged nuclei. For fusion to occur, the two nuclei must approach each other at high speed to overcome the electrical repulsion and attain a sufficiently small separation (less than one-trillionth of a centimeter) that the short-range strong nuclear force dominates. For the production of useful amounts of energy, a large number of nuclei must under go fusion: that is to say, a gas of fusing nuclei m...
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Hydrogen Atoms Fossil Fuels
2,994 wordsHYDROGEN THE POWER SURCE OF THE FUTURE Since the beginning of the scientific revolution in the early nineties the mankind looks for an energy source that is clean and renewable; solution of this problem would be probably the most common thing in our life WATER. Water consists of two chemical elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Each molecule of water consists of two hydrogen (H 2) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. Chemical binding between these three atoms is very stable and strong. Therefore, the reacti...
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Atomic Theory Modern Day
473 wordsJohn John Dalton John Dalton John Dalton was a great help to modern day chemistry. He was born in 1766 in the small town of Eagles field, Cumbria, NW England in the UK. He was a chemist that stated an atomic theory of matter, which is now the theory of modern day chemistry. Besides his theories, he published the first major book of the studies of color blindness; which affected him. The book was published in 1794. He first stated his theory in 1803: that each chemical element is composed of its ...
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Earth Surface Seismic Waves
2,491 wordsNotes on the lithosphere- (rock sphere) Upper most part is crust of earth. Compiled of rocks of outer crust. Outermost shell. Upper part- rocks we see at and near the earths surface. Crust is 5 to 10 km thick under most oceans and 24 to 60 km thick under the continents. The lithosphere under the crust is solid, dense material. (more dense than surface materials). Lithosphere 100 - 200 km. Notes on the asthenosphere- zone beneath the lithosphere. Thick like tar. Weak because of high temperatures ...
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Secondary Qualities Human Mind
615 wordsHistory tells us very little of Titus Lucretius Cards, but one can see from reading his work that he has a strong dislike towards religious superstition, which he claims is the root of human fear and in turn the cause of impious acts. Although he does not deny the existence of a god, his work is aimed at proving that the world is not guided or controlled by a divinity. Lucretius asserts that matter exists in the form of atoms, which move around the universe in an empty space. This empty space, o...
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Charged Particles Electric Charge
1,314 wordsJ. J. Thomson Science lecturers who traveled from town to town in the middle nineteenth century delighted audiences by showing them the ancestor of the neon sign. They took a glass tube with wires embedded in opposite ends... put a high voltage across... pumped out most of the air... and the interior of the tube would glow in lovely patterns. In 1859 a German physicist sucked out still more air with an improved pump and saw that where this light from the cathode reached the glass it produced a f...
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Valence Electrons Electric Field
1,130 wordsSolar cells today are mostly made of silicon, one of the most common elements on Earth. The crystalline silicon solar cell was one of the first types to be developed and it is still the most common type in use today. They do not pollute the atmosphere and they leave behind no harmful waste products. Photovoltaic cells work effectively even in cloudy weather and unlike solar heaters, are more efficient at low temperatures. They do their job silently and there are no moving parts to wear out. It i...
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World Report Volume U S News 038 World
1,236 wordsA Quantum Computer a future technology By the strange laws of quantum mechanics, Folger, a senior editor at Discover, notes, an electron, proton, or other subatomic particle is in more than one place at a time, because individual particles behave like waves, these different places are different states that an atom can exist in simultaneously. Ten years ago, Folger writes, David Deutsch, a physicist at Oxford University, argued that it may be possible to build an extremely powerful computer based...
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Amount Of Energy Magnetic Fields
1,648 wordsWeve all heard Untitled INTRODUCTION Weve all heard about superconductivity. But, do we all know what it is? How it works and what are its uses? To start talking about superconductivity, we must try to understand the how " normal" conductivity works. This will make it much easier to understand how the " super" part functions. In the following paragraphs, I will explain how superconductivity works, some of the current problems and some examples of its uses. CONDUCTIVITY Conduc...
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Valence Electrons Solar Cells
1,194 wordsSolar Energy Solar cells today are mostly made of silicon, one of the most common elements on Earth. The crystalline silicon solar cell was one of the first types to be developed and it is still the most common type in use today. They do not pollute the atmosphere and they leave behind no harmful waste products. Photovoltaic cells work effectively even in cloudy weather and unlike solar heaters, are more efficient at low temperatures. They do their job silently and there are no moving parts to w...
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