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Drug Addiction Negative Reinforcement
4,209 words
... ve drugs. The Addiction Research Center
Inventory, an empirically derived test designed to
measure the subjective effects of addictive drugs,
detects the mood-elevating effects of psychomotor
stimulants and opiates on the same scale (see
Haertzen and Hickey 1987). On the other hand, the
subjective-effects of these two drug classes can
be easily distinguished. This is not surprising
considering that ex-addicts report a preference
for heroin over morphine (Martin and Fraser 1961),
even though ...
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Nature Vs Nurture Identical Twins
1,639 words
However, the researchers neglected to include into
their research the effects of extra familial
factors (friends, peers, teachers, etc. ) on the
cognitive skills of these children. If these
factors were not overlooked, the research may have
proven that the environment does indeed influence
cognitive development. Without this research, as
it stands now, it is concluded that the greatest
influence on cognitive development is solely
attributed to genetics. In light of this
particular perspective, t...
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory Theory Explains
609 words
Why do human beings make the decisions that they
do, and what triggers a person to take action at
any given point? These questions can be answered
by evaluating the Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Leon Festingers developed this theory in order to
explain why people attempt to reduce dissonance
and try to maintain constant relationships. A
dissonant relationship exists between elements
that are in dis equilibria with one another.
Cognitive dissonance can occur intra personally as
well as between two...
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Terms Blind Blindness Chromatic Objective World Visual
2,803 words
The greatest expression of the ultimate timeless
civilisation of mankind, is the embodiment of
unfeigned, absolute, active altruistic reverence
for the universal equality, dignity and sanctity
of humanity; the inability to perceive the
declivity from behind an acclivity, or rather, the
proclivity to infer the depth of a river from its
breath is, no less, the antithesis, for
verisimilitude isnt proof, but verisimilitude. To
be or not to be then, being is but a metaphysical
idiom with a being, who...
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Obsessive Compulsive Conditioned Stimulus
1,115 words
Compare and Contrast Behavioural and Cognitive
Approaches in the Management of Anxiety The
Behavioural Model sees the cause of abnormality as
the learning of maladaptive habits. It aims to
discover, by laboratory experiment, what aspect of
the environment produced this learning, and it
sees successful therapy as learning new and more
adaptive ways of behaving. There are two kinds of
basic learning processes that exist: Operant and
Pavlovian conditioning. These have generated a set
of behavioural...
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory Stay Home
1,247 words
"Your best friend is having a beer bash tonight.
Everyone you talk to indicated their positive
intentions of going to the best beer bash of the
millennium. However, you have a Psyc 135 final
next morning that you haven't studied for. Your
midterm scores have been low going into the final,
but everyone claims that the final is easy every
semester. Should you stay home and study for the
final or go to this millennium beer bash and
merrily consume alcohol?" Above stated scenario
raises several ques...
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Cognitive Approach Cognitive Process
1,662 words
B 231: Social Interaction, Exam Paper 1998,
Question 4. Graeme Gordon Stereotyping is a form
of pre judgement that is as prevalent in today's
society as it was 2000 years ago. It is a social
attitude that has stood the test of time and
received much attention by social psychologists
and philosophers alike. Many approaches to, or
theories of stereotyping have thus been raised.
This essay evaluates the cognitive approach that
categorisation is an essential cognitive process
that inevitably leads t...
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Therapy For Depressed Children
1,557 words
Psychological Treatment for Depressed Students Amy
A. Zieman Monmouth University Psychological
Treatment for Depressed Students Depression in
school-age children may be one of the most
overlooked and under treated psychological
disorders of childhood, presenting a serious
mental health problem. Depression in children has
become an important issue in research due to its
many emotional forms, and its relationship to
self-destructive behaviors. Depressive disorders
are of particular importance to s...
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Cognitive Abilities Socially Acceptable
1,652 words
Early Childhood Learning Sand and Water Table
Early childhood learning is more than cognitive
concepts. Cognitive strengths and weaknesses of
young children are profiled as separate cognitive
abilities. Young children know what kind and how
much. They remember, evaluate, and understand
convergent and divergent operations. A young
childs multi-factor intelligence may be based on
three dimensions, operations, contents, and
products. Contents are figural, symbolic,
semantic, and behavioral. Product...
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Part Of The Brain Areas Of The Brain
2,501 words
Neuropsychology studies the relation between brain
function and behavior or human behavior as based
on the function of human brain. Although the term
itself is relatively new (it dates from the 20 th
century), the major ideas of the field covered by
it have a rather long history. Its current profile
is determined mostly by the brain hypothesis (the
brain is the source of behavior) and neuron
hypothesis (the unit of brain structure and
function is the neuron). A general overview of
issues brings ...
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Drug Addiction Addictive Drugs
8,497 words
Drug Addiction as a Psychobiological Process The
emphasis is on biological mechanisms underlying
addiction, although some other factors influencing
drug addiction will also be discussed. The
presentation is limited primarily to psychomotor
stimulants (e. g. , amphetamine, cocaine) and
opiates (e. g. , heroin, morphine) for two
reasons. First, considerable knowledge has been
gained during the past 15 years regarding the
neurobiological mechanisms mediating their
addictive properties. Second, thes...
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Ascending Reticular Activating Synaptic Ally Agonizes Lsd
4,684 words
Table of Contents Introduction Table 1: Effects of
LSD A Brief Foray Into Philosophy and the
Cognitive Sciences The Suspects Figure 1:
Structure of LSD Overview of Synaptic Transmission
Theory: LSD Pre-synaptic ally Inhibits 5 -HT
Neurons Theory: LSD Post-synaptic ally Antagonizes
5 -HT 2 Receptors Figure 2: LSD Binding at 5 -HT 2
Receptor Theory: LSD Post-synaptic ally Partially
Agonizes 5 -HT 2 Receptors Theory: LSD
Post-synaptic ally Agonizes 5 -HT 1 Receptors
Conclusion References Introducti...
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Coping Strategies Teenage Mothers
4,717 words
This study aims to determine the stresses and
coping strategies encountered by Teenage Parents.
Life is a series of choices. Deciding whether to
marry, whether to have children, whether to have
two careers in one marriage, and whether to view a
situation positively are among the more important
choices you will ever make in your lifetime. And
besides of all this choices, problems may appear
and turn to stress that people encounter in daily
living. Stress is the " wear and tear"
our bodi...
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Frontal Lobe Prefrontal Cortex
2,875 words
Have We Learned Anything New About The Have We
Learned Anything New About The Functions Of The
Frontal Lobe In The Last Five Years? Discuss The
frontal lobe is thought to be the latest area of
the brain to develop and is largest in humans. It
is therefore suggested that the area plays a key
role in differentiating humans from other hominids
(Crespo-Facorro et al 1999; Faster, 1997). For
well over a century research has investigated the
functioning of the frontal region of the human
brain (Della ...
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San Francisco Ca Lecture Notes
4,460 words
Metacognition has been defined as having knowledge
(cognition) and having understanding, control
over, and appropriate use of that knowledge (Tei
and Stewart; as cited by Collins, 1994, p. 2).
Wellman (as cited by Berk, 1997) refers to meta
cognitive knowledge as being made up of four
interrelated component: knowledge of self, task,
strategies and interaction. The conscious control
over and use of these knowledge components emerges
through the application of meta cognitive skills
(or strategies)...
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Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
5,336 words
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (henceforth OCD) is
an anxiety related disorders and is a potentially
disabling condition that can persist throughout a
person s life. The key features of OCD are
obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions can be
defined as persistent ideas, thoughts impulses or
images that are experienced as inappropriate and
intrusive. This then causes the person high levels
of anxiety and distress. Compulsion on the other
hand, Are repetitive behav...
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Sexual Behavior Sexual Activity
2,971 words
In most societies, out of wedlock pregnancy and
childbearing violate the optimal life course
pattern of completion of schooling, gaining
employment, marriage, and then parenthood. The
phenomenon of adolescent pregnancy is particularly
troubling though. Although this occurrence often
results in a personal, as well as very real,
social dilemma, it must be recognized from the
outset that it is not the behaviors themselves
that are problematic, but their timing.
Adolescence is a period of intense ph...
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Cognitive Psychologists Cognitive Approach
1,779 words
Stereotyping is Stereotyping Stereotyping
Stereotyping is a form of pre judgment that is as
prevalent in todays society as it was 2000 years
ago. It is a social attitude that has stood the
test of time and received much attention by social
psychologists and philosophers alike. Many
approaches too, or theories of stereotyping have
thus been raised. My paper will attempt to
evaluate the cognitive process that inevitably
leads to stereotyping. Hamilton (1979) calls this
a depressing dilemma. Browns...
Free research essays on topics related to: cognitive approach, cognitive psychologists, social group, black people, cognitive process
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Young Childrens Higher Levels
2,692 words
The present study examined affective and cognitive
empathy in preschool children. Seventeen children,
ages three to five years, were given The Young
Childrens Empathy Measure to determine their
understanding of empathy. Participants were then
read a childrens story and given the empathy
measure again, to see if they expressed more
empathy after hearing about a sympathetic
protagonist. A second baseline score was obtained
one week after the story was administered. On
measures of cognitive anger, ...
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Strategic Alliances Michael Porter
6,504 words
Introduction This module describes what is
strategy and what kind of strategic challenges can
be faced by the organisation in the next century
by the impact of globalisation. The module of
Strategic Challenges consisted of 10 weeks time.
During these sessions, I will be able to
understand the strategy and its positive
implementation and how to plan a strategic plan.
The different seminar and presentations helped me
in the development of personality. It also gave me
direction to explain my ideas ...
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