-
Solid State Lasers Back And Forth
2,014 wordsLaser is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. In the last century many types of lasers have been used for many different applications from welding to surgery to military and even many uses in every day life by harnessing the principles of light and stimulated emission. To understand how lasers work we must first understand the physics behind light waves. Light is emitted from a source and travels in straight lines and when it strikes an object is either absorbe...
Free research essays on topics related to: stimulated emission, compact disk, back and forth, solid state lasers, laser light -
Internal Combustion Engine Reformulated Gasoline
2,401 wordsAs time approaches the 21 st century, the automobile has become our major source of mass transportation. Everything about our culture and society has developed around this necessary form of travel. However, along with this necessity comes the issue of pollution to the environment. These great gasoline powered vehicles have contributed greatly to the impurity of our environment. The two prominent alternative fueled vehicles yet brought up are the Electric car (EV) and the Hybrid electric car (HEV...
Free research essays on topics related to: motor vehicles, internal combustion engine, reformulated gasoline, catalytic converter, greenhouse gases -
Electric Vehicles Reformulated Gasoline
2,234 words... ering, February 1992, pp. 58 - 61. Schmidt, R. , Bogdan, P. , and Gilsdorf, N. , 1993 Meeting the Challenge of Reformulated Gasoline, Chem tech, February 1993. pp. 41 42. Schoonveld, G. A. ; W. F. Marshall (1991). The Total Effect of a Reformulated Gasoline on Vehicle Emissions by Technology (1973 to 1989). Warrendale, Pennsylvania: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 910380. Schuetzle, D. , et al, 1994 The Relationship between Gasoline Composition and Vehicle Hydrocarbon Emissions: A Revie...
Free research essays on topics related to: reformulated gasoline, renewable energy, electric vehicles, hybrid electric, palo alto -
Reduce Pollution Pollution Control
1,063 wordsTransferable discharge permits create an economic incentive to reduce pollution and exhibit many other advantages over the current command and control pollution regulation system. However, 'green permits' on a large scale would be difficult to allocate fairly, and the efficient economic outcome may not be the socially desirable outcome. Introduction to Green Permits 1. Green Permits as an incentive to reduce pollution: cost to pollute- tie up money induces costs / benefits of pollution to owner ...
Free research essays on topics related to: large scale, cost savings, pollution control, reduce pollution, cost effectiveness -
Effects Of Acid Rain Sulfur Dioxide
1,028 words"Acid Rain, " or more precisely acidic precipitation, is the term used to describe rainfall that has a pH level of less than 5. 6 -- a pH of 7 being neutral. This form of air pollution is currently a subject of great controversy because of the damage it does tot he environment and property worldwide. For the last ten years, this occurrence has brought destruction to thousands of lakes and streams in the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe. It also leads to the deterioration of buildings a...
Free research essays on topics related to: sulfur dioxide, fossil fuels, effects of acid rain, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide -
Clean Air Act H 2 O
1,801 wordsAcid rain is exactly what it suggests- rain that is acidic. The definition of 'acid rain' is rain with a pH of below 5. 6. Rain becomes acidic because of gases that dissolve in the rain. Approximately 70 % of acid rain is a result of dissolved sulfur dioxide (SO 2) which forms Sulfuric Acid. The remaining 30 % or so comes from various Nitrogen Oxides (mostly NO 2 and NO 3 which has collectedly adopted the mane Nox). There is also a small percentage of hydrochloric acid that makes up hydrochloric...
Free research essays on topics related to: clean air act, sulfur dioxide, h 2 o, nitrogen oxide, iron and steel -
United States And Japan Carbon Dioxide
573 wordsThis affects Canada a great deal because then the government has to regulate how much energy and gases can be used. Industrial, transportation, electrical and fossil fuel productions had the highest cases of emission gas releases in nineteen ninety-seven. Since the issue of the Kyoto Protocol, Canada is trying to cut down emission gases by twenty-six percent. Even recently, the Canadian government has put together an action plan so that they use renewable and alternative sources of energy that w...
Free research essays on topics related to: emission, gases, united states and japan, global warming, carbon dioxide -
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Million Metric Tons
1,026 wordsCurrent Efforts to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emission / Global Warming Global warming is the issue of the day. According to the foreign researchers, the emissions by industrialized countries of the greenhouse gas related to the global warming shows a dangerous upward trend despite the efforts to reduce emission and to control global warming. According to the report, despite the overall level of emissions reduced 3. 3 % during 1990 - 2004, this reduction mostly occurred due to the 36. 8 % decline in ...
Free research essays on topics related to: million metric tons, renewable energy sources, u s government, greenhouse gas emissions, global warming -
Important To Note Air Pollution
1,775 words... impacts. Presently, standards refer to ambient (outdoor) concentrations where measurements can most easily be made, most often from the tops of buildings. However, in North America we spend under 10 % of our time outdoors, and even less atop buildings. As negligible as this may appear to be, the exposure to pollutants which one receives varies greatly from being indoors, at street levels or on top of a high-rise. With particular pollutants, as little as 25 % of total exposure is due to outdo...
Free research essays on topics related to: environmentally friendly, climate change, al eds, important to note, air pollution -
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Global Climate Change
2,747 wordsCanadian Foreign Policy In order to discover what the foreign policy of a country is we need to look first what are the objectives of a country. Canada plays important role in the world and is a member of many international organizations. Canada, like any other country has its own goals that it is trying to pursue through the participation in world political affairs. For many years, when Canadians looked southward, we tended not to see beyond the United States. Our entry into the Organization of...
Free research essays on topics related to: greenhouse gas emissions, foreign policy goals, global climate change, united states and japan, free trade agreement -
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Global Climate Change
1,790 wordsKyoto Protocol According to the basic theory of microeconomics, mutually beneficial trades are possible with the presence of marginal abatement costs differences. In terms of the trades of pollution permits, the level of pollution remains the same as when it is regulated by law; but the amount spent on pollution control is lower. Thus, we say that the practice of tradable pollution permits increases efficiency. With the aim to protect the global commons of the earths atmosphere, the obligations ...
Free research essays on topics related to: carbon dioxide, greenhouse gas emissions, greenhouse gases, global climate change, earths atmosphere -
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Global Climate Change
1,790 words... climate changes. Canadas ratification is not crucial to meeting the 55 / 55 goal, but officials say Mr. Chretien would like to be seen as part of the international system for reducing carbon emissions. By forcing Canadian companies to meet mandatory reduction targets by 2012, Canadian companies say they will have to spend money on new energy technologies that will put them at an uncompetitive disadvantage with their U. S. counterparts. Kyoto would devastate certain economic sectors leaving m...
Free research essays on topics related to: global climate change, kyoto protocol, greenhouse gas emissions, greenhouse gases, nineteen ninety -
Sulfur Dioxide Greenhouse Gases
1,219 words# 3 Externality The Global Tradable Pollution Permits Karen CHAN Ka Ying Introduction According to the basic theory of microeconomics, mutually beneficial trades are possible with the presence of marginal abatement costs differences. In terms of the trades of pollution permits, the level of pollution remains the same as when it is regulated by law; but the amount spent on pollution control is lower. Thus, we say that the practice of tradable pollution permits increases efficiency. In this essay,...
Free research essays on topics related to: sulfur dioxide, greenhouse gases, trading system, kyoto protocol, transaction costs -
X 10 S 1
1,147 wordsFluorescence Study of the Kinetics of Energy Transfer Between Dyes 1. Introduction Coumarin 1 and Sodium fluorescein are two dyes which absorb and emit light in the visible region. By using a spectrophotometer we are recording an absorption spectrum and then determining the molar decade absorption coefficients, which will be used later to interpret and analyse the fluorescence spectra. For fluorescence spectra, there are two kinds, the excitation and the emission spectrum. The excitation spectru...
Free research essays on topics related to: m 2, s 1, transfer, spectrum, x 10 -
Solid State Lasers Beam Of Light
1,373 wordsA laser (LAY zum) is a device that produces a very narrow beam of light. This is called coherent light. It is formed from producing light at equal wavelengths in phase. The result is a beam of light that does not stray from it? s path. Conventional light bulbs produce incoherent light. This form of light diffuses immediately upon radiation from its source. The size of a laser beam varies greatly. Some lasers produce beams that are small enough to fit 200 beams in an area the size of a pinhead. T...
Free research essays on topics related to: stimulated emission, laser beam, solid state lasers, gas lasers, beam of light -
Global Climate Change United States And Japan
1,227 wordsTuesday January 9 th, 2001 Canada s Struggle With Climate Change Canada is one of the best places to live in the world because it has so much to offer. There are ten provinces and three territories, and it is the second largest country in the world with over thirty million people and growing. # There are two official languages, English and French; however, it is so culturally diverse that a variety of ethic groups can coincide together, as they strive for a better life. Canada has one of the hig...
Free research essays on topics related to: united states and japan, carbon dioxide, standard of living, global climate change, chlorofluorocarbons cfcs
Customer center
