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Using Irradiation To Make Food Safer For Consumers
1,171 wordsUsing Irradiation to Make Food Safer for Consumers In the world today, there is a limited access to fresh and uncontaminated food. Gunjan Sign, of Popular Science, reports that "The U. S. Centers of Disease Control estimates 6. 5 million confirmed cases and more than 25 million additional unreported incidents of food poisoning each year" (65). For example, with seventy-five percent of the chicken in Europe and sixty percent of the chicken in the United States infected, salmonella is a serious pr...
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Using Irradiation To Make Food Safer For Consumers
1,173 words... the product and not in all directions, the electron beam is more efficient. A ten kilowatt beam generator is as powerful as about one-million curies from a cobalt- 60 source (Murano 14 - 15). The electron accelerators produce from five to ten million electron volts and ten to fifty kilowatts (Murano 15 - 16). The electron beam efficiency can be increased by aiming the beam at a metal target, usually tungsten or tantalum. This produces Bremsstrahlung x-rays. This type of x-ray can penetrate a...
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Amount Of Energy Stimulated Emission
1,113 wordsThere are only about 100 different kinds of atoms in the entire universe. Everything we see is made up of these 100 atoms in an unlimited number of combinations. They continuously vibrate, move and rotate. Even the atoms that make up the chairs that we sit in are moving around in class. Atoms can be in different states of excitation (Bertolotti 48) or they can have different energies. If we apply a lot of energy to an atom, it can leave what is called the ground-state energy level and go to an e...
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Acetic Acid H 3
842 wordsIn the simple formalism proposed independently by Bronsted and Lowry in 1923, an acid was defined as a proton donor and a base was defined as a proton acceptor. In the simple acid-base reaction shown below, H 3 O+ is termed a Bronsted Acid, and HO- a Bronsted Base. In writing organic reaction mechanisms, the flow of electrons is often shown using "curved arrows" and in the example shown, the arrows are designed to show that an unshared pair of electrons from hydroxide anion moves to abstract a p...
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Theory Of Relativity Werner Heisenberg
2,209 wordsWerner Heisenberg, born in the dawn of the twentieth century became one of its greatest physicists; he is also among its most controversial. While still in his early twenties, he was among the handful of bright, young men who created quantum mechanics, the basic physics of the atom, and he became a leader of nuclear physics and elementary particle research. He is best known for his uncertainty principle, a component of the so-called Copenhagen interpretation of the meaning, and uses of quantum m...
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Cell Membrane Electron Transport Chain Biochemical Pathway
684 words1. The cell membrane structure is vital to the life of the cell. The cell membrane is shaped as having a phosphate head at the very outer surface, and two fatty acid tails hanging from it. The membrane is double, so at the tip of the fatty acid tails, there are two more fatty acid tails attached to another phosphate head. This is what it looks like: The reason the cell membrane is shaped like this is mainly to control the water flow in and out of the cell. Water is very important to the cell: if...
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20 Th Century Vacuum Tubes
1,004 wordsMilitary equipment, toys, communication, home electronics, computing, cars, satellites and others. This is only a partial list of products, which contain electronics. Actually electronics won our world. We wake up with the ring of electronic clock, drink coffee from a electronic coffee machine, work with computers, learn by using video conferences, listen to the music from a sound system and go to sleep while adjusting our electronic watch for tomorrow morning. It is hard even to think that only...
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Valence Electrons Periodic Table
854 wordsThe periodic table is simply the organization and classification of different elements. By the end of the 1700 s, scientists had identified about 30 elements. In less than 100 years, the number of known element doubled because of new means of recognizing them. In the early 1800 s, Dobereiner observed that there were elements that could be classified into groups of 3, or triads. These triads were significant because these classifications of similar elements represented the very beginning of the p...
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Stimulated Emission Positively Charged
948 wordsLasers HISTORY OF LASER PRODUCTION The roots of laser mechanism are very modern. In 1900 German physicist Max Planck presented an explanation of why the colors of a glowing hot body may change with temperature. He also proposed discrete quantum theory saying that radiations come in discrete quantities called quanta. Therefore radiations are not only a series of waves but a stream of particles called photons. By 1917, Einstein has outlined the principles underlying the production of laser radiati...
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Ebola Zaire Ebola Virus
1,560 wordsThe Ebola Virus Descriptions of the Ebola virus: The Ebola virus is a complicating object (viruses not being considered living creatures, so it is an object). Named after the Ebola River, the Ebola virus particle contains seven different proteins of which only three have vaguely known purposes. While the exact function of the other four proteins are still unknown, we do know that they attack immune system. Ebola is known to jump hosts and known to be lethal to both monkeys and humans. Similar to...
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Hydrogen Bonding H 2
502 wordsElectron Pair Repulsion Theory: The electron pair repulsion theory states that the electron pairs in the valence energy level of an atom repel each other, and therefore are arranged as far apart as possible. For example, H 2 Our to this theory, different molecules with different amounts of pairs of electrons have different shapes. Shapes of Molecules: Some common shapes of molecules include linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal and v-shaped (bent) molecules. Examples are drawn...
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Brooks Cole Universal Studios
717 wordsThere are many parts to every living thing. These basic parts have specialized jobs, which give shape and function of everything in the universe. The basic building block for all mass is the atom. There are many different parts to the atom. The electron is a negatively charged particle that revolves around the nucleus in electron shells. The electron is one of the smallest particles that make up the atom. The counterpart to the electron is the proton. This is a larger positive charged particle. ...
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Electric Light Bulb World War Ii
4,554 wordsThe Development of the Television Television, our link to the changing world around us. Once thought to be just a passing phase through a quickly advancing society, but now a common innovation in every household. Since the l 940 s television has become the window on the world for much of industrialized society. Anything the eye can see may be brought to the little screens in living rooms, bedrooms, and kitchens. What comes through the window, however, does not always please everyone. Television ...
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Credit Card Numbers Electronic Commerce
3,379 wordsElectronic commerce includes almost any exchange of electronic data related to a business operation. In this discussion, I will be focusing on the use of the Internet for business transactions. Companies that use the Internet as their major source of income have a big concern about electronic commerce security to keep them successful in their online business. Although the technology exists to prevent almost all types of aggression, the nature of the Internet makes accomplishment of security meas...
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Electron Microscope
1,979 wordsExplain With Aid Of A Diagram The Explain With Aid Of A Diagram The Working Of The Electron Microscope The diagram below shows a picture of an electron microscope. This is a type of microscope that makes use of a beam of electrons rather than visible light. Because the wavelength of electrons is much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, an electron microscope not only gives a high magnification but it also has high resolution. This means that details can be seen clearly. An electron mic...
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Kinds Of People Social Sciences
1,383 wordsIt is impossible for me to say whether or not I agree completely with Ian Hacking's work, not having read Kuhn's work, Foucaults work or even Hacking's work in its entirety, however by examining Hacking's claims individually, it may be possible to draw conclusions through the analy zation of his arguments. Ian Hacking's most prevalent claim seems to be that we make up people in a stronger sense than we make up the world. By proving this, hacking is attempting to show why Kuhn was unsuccessful in...
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Valence Electrons Electric Field
1,130 wordsSolar cells today are mostly made of silicon, one of the most common elements on Earth. The crystalline silicon solar cell was one of the first types to be developed and it is still the most common type in use today. They do not pollute the atmosphere and they leave behind no harmful waste products. Photovoltaic cells work effectively even in cloudy weather and unlike solar heaters, are more efficient at low temperatures. They do their job silently and there are no moving parts to wear out. It i...
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Amount Of Energy Magnetic Fields
1,648 wordsWeve all heard Untitled INTRODUCTION Weve all heard about superconductivity. But, do we all know what it is? How it works and what are its uses? To start talking about superconductivity, we must try to understand the how " normal" conductivity works. This will make it much easier to understand how the " super" part functions. In the following paragraphs, I will explain how superconductivity works, some of the current problems and some examples of its uses. CONDUCTIVITY Conduc...
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Plate Current Flows Electron Current Flow Cathode
563 wordsA semiconductor device which conducts electric current run in one direction only. This is the simplest kind of semiconductor device, it has two terminals and a single PN junction. One diode can be used as a half-wave rectifier or four as a full-wave rectifier. electron tube, evacuated glass or metal envelope containing two electrodes, a cathode and an anode. It is used as a rectifier and as a detector in electronic circuits such as radio and television receivers. When a positive voltage is appli...
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Valence Electrons Solar Cells
1,194 wordsSolar Energy Solar cells today are mostly made of silicon, one of the most common elements on Earth. The crystalline silicon solar cell was one of the first types to be developed and it is still the most common type in use today. They do not pollute the atmosphere and they leave behind no harmful waste products. Photovoltaic cells work effectively even in cloudy weather and unlike solar heaters, are more efficient at low temperatures. They do their job silently and there are no moving parts to w...
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