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Operant Conditioning Cognitive Theory
2,224 wordsThe World Wide Web is being seen more and more as an effective and above all inexpensive means of delivering courses in the tertiary education sector. It is important however that financial imperatives to not take precedence over educational goals. In the search for an effective approach to Web learning, an re-examination of learning theory is required. This paper examines the three broad philosophies of Behaviourism, Cognitive Theory, and Constructivism and reviews their potential for deliverin...
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Individual Differences Stimulus Response
3,758 words... STRACTS UPDATED 4 /may/ 99 (Contact David Washburn for reprints and related publications) Supported by grants from NASA, NICHD, ARI, ARO, ONR, USAF Washburn, D. A. , & Putney, R. T. (1999, June). Attention Profiles of Working Memory. Paper at the meeting of the American Psychological Society. Although each construct has its own literature, phenomena, and theories, it is widely recognized that attention and working memory are integrally related. Individual differences in serial probe recognit...
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Cognitive Therapy For Depression
1,513 wordsCOGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR DEPRESSION Cognitive behavioral therapy helps improve peoples moods and behavior by changing their way thinking; also, how they interpret events and talk to themselves. This form of psychotherapy helps guide people into thinking more realistically and teaches them coping strategies to deal with their depression. Cognitive therapy is in most cases a short-term treatment that can have long-term results. I will discuss depression in adolescence and how it effects pe...
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Guilt And Shame
2,217 words... g they can also have the opposite affect, shoes may be untied, teeth unbrushed, clothing may be slovenly and hair may be dirty. In these cases, fear of contamination of personal objects or body parts leads to the individuals refusal to touch them. A combination of excessive hand washing and sloppiness in other areas of grooming had even been reported. Obsessions revolving around a need for symmetry may result in compulsive arranging. Children who engage in symmetry-related rituals may also f...
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Cambridge Cambridge University Personality And Social Psychology
1,614 words... ype's being negative. Our categorisation and biases can also have an effect on others. Essed (1988) found that white stereotyping of black people had a damaging effect in job interviews, through discomfort and unrest due to the questions asked during the interview. This study was conducted out of the laboratory. A further example of the effects of racial stereotyping on others is a replication of a British government commissioned study in which a black and a white person apply to rent a flat...
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Years Of Age Achievement Gap
1,259 wordsThe No Child Left Behind Act has stacked the deck against schools with special needs. At this point in time with the 2004 elections right around the corner, it seems that this Act is taking a lot of criticism for it's rigid approach to the educational progress of our children today. No Child Left Behind has some wonderful goals and aspirations: to "close the student achievement gap, make public schools accountable, set standards of excellence for every child, and put a qualified teacher in every...
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Social Cognitive Theory Albert Bandura
1,134 wordsSocial cognition has its fundamental in social psychology which tries "to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others." Its subject is the investigation and understanding of an individual within a social or cultural context and makes emphasis on how people comprehend and interpret information they engender themselves (intra personal) and from others (interpersonal). Festinger's (1957) cogniti...
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Process Of Learning Cognitive Perspective
655 wordsThe Differences between Behavioral and Cognitive Perspectives of Learning Educational psychology is a science about peculiarities of human learning in educational institutions, the psychology of teaching, and the effectiveness of education and teaching. Educational psychology utilizes its theories within the limits of several perspectives: cognitivism, behaviorism, social cognitivism, and constructivism. However, cognitive and behavioral approaches are the most important. The aim of this paper i...
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Running Head Immunotherapy For Alzheimer Disease
2,467 wordsRunning head: IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease August 03, 2009 Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease Introduction The ability of vaccine strategies to provide effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease is still not examined appropriately. Both passive and active immunotherapy strategies have proven effective reduction of Alzheimer's Disease-like pathologies and restoration of cognitive deficits in transgenic mice. Yet, d...
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Moral Character Cross Cultural
1,793 words... both in political theory and in related areas such as moral education and life philosophy, and to educate a new generation of instructors able to deal effectively with students who were far less easily indoctrinated than those of an earlier period. The early 1980 s saw the introduction of moral education (day) or thought and character education (sizing pine jiao yu) as a whole new area that emphasized individual moral development in ways seldom found in the politically and socially oriented ...
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Cultural Diversity And Psychology Counselling
2,500 wordsCultural Diversity and Psychology Counselling Cultural diversity is one of the most important issues that contemporary psychology counselors have to face, since it means that they have to ensure that the methods used for client with one cultural background would be alike suitable for the client with completely different cultural background. Cultural diversity poses a number of problems for professional counselors, however the theories and methods they use do reflect the notion of cultural divers...
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Jean Piaget Cognitive Development
1,745 wordsJean Piaget: Cognitive Development There is more to a child than meets the eye. Development is more than a physical process. A childs mind develops greatly through the early years. Jean Piaget, a child psychologist, found the secrets of human learning and knowledge behind the cute and seemingly illogical notions of children (Time Magazine, 105). Jean Piaget had always been a scholar, even as a youth, and this characteristic was key to his goals and works through out his life. At the early age of...
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Jean Piaget Cognitive Development
1,785 wordsJean Piaget: Cognitive Development There is more to a child than meets the eye. Development is more than a physical process. A childs mind develops greatly through the early years. Jean Piaget, a child psychologist, found the secrets of human learning and knowledge behind the cute and seemingly illogical notions of children (Time, # 136, March 29, 1999, pp. 105 - 106). Jean Piaget had always been a scholar, even as a youth, and this characteristic was key to his goals and works through out his l...
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Social Cognitive Theory Albert Bandura
1,531 wordsSeys 221 Human Development and Learning Presented to: Dr. Max Kopelman Performed by: Michael Costanzo Understanding the Social Cognitive Theory and its relevance to child development and learning Social cognition has its fundamental in social psychology which tries "to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others." Its subject is the investigation and understanding of an individual within a so...
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Mri Scans Panic Attacks
2,465 wordsDoes Claustrophobia Cause People To Deviate From Does Claustrophobia Cause People To Deviate From Confined Areas Does Claustrophobia Cause People to Deviate from Confined Areas? References Does Claustrophobia cause people to deviate from confined areas? The independent variable is claustrophobia, and the dependent variable is the confined areas. Our hypothesis to this question is yes claustrophobia can be cured and reduced by cognitive behavioral therapy. The issue of claustrophobia is very impo...
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Attempt To Explain Cognitive Processes
1,421 wordsHow Do Psychologists Attempt To Explain The How Do Psychologists Attempt To Explain The Origins Of Prejudice? HOW DO PSYCHOLOGISTS ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN THE ORIGINS OF PREJUDICE? DO THEY OFFER SOCIETY ANY HOPE THAT IT MAY BE REDUCED? BY JON SALECLEMENTS. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that ones culture or way of life is superior to all others. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an entire category of individuals. Discrimination is behaviour that excludes all members of a group from cer...
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Jean Piaget Piaget Theory
1,073 wordsBarbara Mason Human Growth and Development Anne Brooks Lesson 2: Theories Cognition Development: Piaget's Theory Insight on Piaget: Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel (Switzerland) on august [August] 9, 1896. At age eleven, while he was a pupil at Neuchatel Latin High School, Piaget wrote a short notice on an albino sparrow. This short paper is generally considered as the start of a brilliant scientific career made of over sixty books and several hundred articles. After Piaget graduated from high...
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Jersey Prentice Hall Cognitive Behavioral
3,718 wordsCognitive-Behavioral And Psychodynamic Models For College Counseling Cognitive-Behavioral And Psychodynamic Models For College Counseling &# 6527 Short-term or Brief Counseling/Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral and Psychodynamic Models for College Counseling Abstract? Short-term? or? Brief Counseling/Therapy? and the current mental health system seem to be inexorably linked for at least the foreseeable future. This paper discusses the history, objectives, appropriate clientele, efficacy, and the oth...
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Sexual Dysfunction Sexual Arousal
2,600 wordsThe Role Of Self Focus As AThe Role Of Self Focus As A Function Of Significance In Sexual Dysfunction Introduction It is a popular belief that being physically attractive is of greater importance for women than for men in today? s society, particularly in attracting the opposite sex. Several studies have found support for this difference in the context of dating and mate selection. In an early study, Strauss (1946) asked what traits would be most critical in a marriage partner and found that mal...
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Young Childrens Higher Levels
2,758 wordsRunning Head: Storytelling and EmpathThe Effects of Storytelling on Expressions of Empathy in Preschool Aged Children Sarah E. Shafer Earlham Colleg Abstract The present study examined affective and cognitive empathy in preschool children. Seventeen children, ages three to five years, were given The Young Childrens Empathy Measure to determine their understanding of empathy. Participants were then read a childrens story and given the empathy measure again, to see if they expressed more empathy a...
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