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Drug Addiction Negative Reinforcement
4,209 words... ve drugs. The Addiction Research Center Inventory, an empirically derived test designed to measure the subjective effects of addictive drugs, detects the mood-elevating effects of psychomotor stimulants and opiates on the same scale (see Haertzen and Hickey 1987). On the other hand, the subjective-effects of these two drug classes can be easily distinguished. This is not surprising considering that ex-addicts report a preference for heroin over morphine (Martin and Fraser 1961), even though ...
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Nature Vs Nurture Identical Twins
1,639 wordsHowever, the researchers neglected to include into their research the effects of extra familial factors (friends, peers, teachers, etc. ) on the cognitive skills of these children. If these factors were not overlooked, the research may have proven that the environment does indeed influence cognitive development. Without this research, as it stands now, it is concluded that the greatest influence on cognitive development is solely attributed to genetics. In light of this particular perspective, t...
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory Theory Explains
609 wordsWhy do human beings make the decisions that they do, and what triggers a person to take action at any given point? These questions can be answered by evaluating the Cognitive Dissonance Theory. Leon Festingers developed this theory in order to explain why people attempt to reduce dissonance and try to maintain constant relationships. A dissonant relationship exists between elements that are in dis equilibria with one another. Cognitive dissonance can occur intra personally as well as between two...
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Terms Blind Blindness Chromatic Objective World Visual
2,803 wordsThe greatest expression of the ultimate timeless civilisation of mankind, is the embodiment of unfeigned, absolute, active altruistic reverence for the universal equality, dignity and sanctity of humanity; the inability to perceive the declivity from behind an acclivity, or rather, the proclivity to infer the depth of a river from its breath is, no less, the antithesis, for verisimilitude isnt proof, but verisimilitude. To be or not to be then, being is but a metaphysical idiom with a being, who...
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Obsessive Compulsive Conditioned Stimulus
1,115 wordsCompare and Contrast Behavioural and Cognitive Approaches in the Management of Anxiety The Behavioural Model sees the cause of abnormality as the learning of maladaptive habits. It aims to discover, by laboratory experiment, what aspect of the environment produced this learning, and it sees successful therapy as learning new and more adaptive ways of behaving. There are two kinds of basic learning processes that exist: Operant and Pavlovian conditioning. These have generated a set of behavioural...
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory Stay Home
1,247 words"Your best friend is having a beer bash tonight. Everyone you talk to indicated their positive intentions of going to the best beer bash of the millennium. However, you have a Psyc 135 final next morning that you haven't studied for. Your midterm scores have been low going into the final, but everyone claims that the final is easy every semester. Should you stay home and study for the final or go to this millennium beer bash and merrily consume alcohol?" Above stated scenario raises several ques...
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Cognitive Approach Cognitive Process
1,662 wordsB 231: Social Interaction, Exam Paper 1998, Question 4. Graeme Gordon Stereotyping is a form of pre judgement that is as prevalent in today's society as it was 2000 years ago. It is a social attitude that has stood the test of time and received much attention by social psychologists and philosophers alike. Many approaches to, or theories of stereotyping have thus been raised. This essay evaluates the cognitive approach that categorisation is an essential cognitive process that inevitably leads t...
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Therapy For Depressed Children
1,557 wordsPsychological Treatment for Depressed Students Amy A. Zieman Monmouth University Psychological Treatment for Depressed Students Depression in school-age children may be one of the most overlooked and under treated psychological disorders of childhood, presenting a serious mental health problem. Depression in children has become an important issue in research due to its many emotional forms, and its relationship to self-destructive behaviors. Depressive disorders are of particular importance to s...
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Cognitive Abilities Socially Acceptable
1,652 wordsEarly Childhood Learning Sand and Water Table Early childhood learning is more than cognitive concepts. Cognitive strengths and weaknesses of young children are profiled as separate cognitive abilities. Young children know what kind and how much. They remember, evaluate, and understand convergent and divergent operations. A young childs multi-factor intelligence may be based on three dimensions, operations, contents, and products. Contents are figural, symbolic, semantic, and behavioral. Product...
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Part Of The Brain Areas Of The Brain
2,501 wordsNeuropsychology studies the relation between brain function and behavior or human behavior as based on the function of human brain. Although the term itself is relatively new (it dates from the 20 th century), the major ideas of the field covered by it have a rather long history. Its current profile is determined mostly by the brain hypothesis (the brain is the source of behavior) and neuron hypothesis (the unit of brain structure and function is the neuron). A general overview of issues brings ...
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Drug Addiction Addictive Drugs
8,497 wordsDrug Addiction as a Psychobiological Process The emphasis is on biological mechanisms underlying addiction, although some other factors influencing drug addiction will also be discussed. The presentation is limited primarily to psychomotor stimulants (e. g. , amphetamine, cocaine) and opiates (e. g. , heroin, morphine) for two reasons. First, considerable knowledge has been gained during the past 15 years regarding the neurobiological mechanisms mediating their addictive properties. Second, thes...
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Ascending Reticular Activating Synaptic Ally Agonizes Lsd
4,684 wordsTable of Contents Introduction Table 1: Effects of LSD A Brief Foray Into Philosophy and the Cognitive Sciences The Suspects Figure 1: Structure of LSD Overview of Synaptic Transmission Theory: LSD Pre-synaptic ally Inhibits 5 -HT Neurons Theory: LSD Post-synaptic ally Antagonizes 5 -HT 2 Receptors Figure 2: LSD Binding at 5 -HT 2 Receptor Theory: LSD Post-synaptic ally Partially Agonizes 5 -HT 2 Receptors Theory: LSD Post-synaptic ally Agonizes 5 -HT 1 Receptors Conclusion References Introducti...
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Coping Strategies Teenage Mothers
4,717 wordsThis study aims to determine the stresses and coping strategies encountered by Teenage Parents. Life is a series of choices. Deciding whether to marry, whether to have children, whether to have two careers in one marriage, and whether to view a situation positively are among the more important choices you will ever make in your lifetime. And besides of all this choices, problems may appear and turn to stress that people encounter in daily living. Stress is the " wear and tear" our bodi...
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Frontal Lobe Prefrontal Cortex
2,875 wordsHave We Learned Anything New About The Have We Learned Anything New About The Functions Of The Frontal Lobe In The Last Five Years? Discuss The frontal lobe is thought to be the latest area of the brain to develop and is largest in humans. It is therefore suggested that the area plays a key role in differentiating humans from other hominids (Crespo-Facorro et al 1999; Faster, 1997). For well over a century research has investigated the functioning of the frontal region of the human brain (Della ...
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San Francisco Ca Lecture Notes
4,460 wordsMetacognition has been defined as having knowledge (cognition) and having understanding, control over, and appropriate use of that knowledge (Tei and Stewart; as cited by Collins, 1994, p. 2). Wellman (as cited by Berk, 1997) refers to meta cognitive knowledge as being made up of four interrelated component: knowledge of self, task, strategies and interaction. The conscious control over and use of these knowledge components emerges through the application of meta cognitive skills (or strategies)...
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Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
5,336 wordsObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (henceforth OCD) is an anxiety related disorders and is a potentially disabling condition that can persist throughout a person s life. The key features of OCD are obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions can be defined as persistent ideas, thoughts impulses or images that are experienced as inappropriate and intrusive. This then causes the person high levels of anxiety and distress. Compulsion on the other hand, Are repetitive behav...
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Sexual Behavior Sexual Activity
2,971 wordsIn most societies, out of wedlock pregnancy and childbearing violate the optimal life course pattern of completion of schooling, gaining employment, marriage, and then parenthood. The phenomenon of adolescent pregnancy is particularly troubling though. Although this occurrence often results in a personal, as well as very real, social dilemma, it must be recognized from the outset that it is not the behaviors themselves that are problematic, but their timing. Adolescence is a period of intense ph...
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Cognitive Psychologists Cognitive Approach
1,779 wordsStereotyping is Stereotyping Stereotyping Stereotyping is a form of pre judgment that is as prevalent in todays society as it was 2000 years ago. It is a social attitude that has stood the test of time and received much attention by social psychologists and philosophers alike. Many approaches too, or theories of stereotyping have thus been raised. My paper will attempt to evaluate the cognitive process that inevitably leads to stereotyping. Hamilton (1979) calls this a depressing dilemma. Browns...
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Young Childrens Higher Levels
2,692 wordsThe present study examined affective and cognitive empathy in preschool children. Seventeen children, ages three to five years, were given The Young Childrens Empathy Measure to determine their understanding of empathy. Participants were then read a childrens story and given the empathy measure again, to see if they expressed more empathy after hearing about a sympathetic protagonist. A second baseline score was obtained one week after the story was administered. On measures of cognitive anger, ...
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Strategic Alliances Michael Porter
6,504 wordsIntroduction This module describes what is strategy and what kind of strategic challenges can be faced by the organisation in the next century by the impact of globalisation. The module of Strategic Challenges consisted of 10 weeks time. During these sessions, I will be able to understand the strategy and its positive implementation and how to plan a strategic plan. The different seminar and presentations helped me in the development of personality. It also gave me direction to explain my ideas ...
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