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... seaport city. The Taman Fatahillah Restoration Project, begun in the early 1970 s, has restored one of the oldest sections of Jakarta, known as Old Batavia or Kota, to almost its original state. An old Portuguese Church and warehouse have been rejuvenated into living museums.
A key feature in Jakarta's urban development is the focus on environmental planning. This is not the case, as in many areas of the world, where environmental damage from urban development is often over-looked leaving for the future often-irreversible problems. Jakarta has used a series of instruments to manage this problem. One is regulatory measures, which includes things such as strict fines for air pollution. Environmental management is also encouraged through planning controls. This is done through committees such as the agencies who have predicted a future population and made plans to compensate the growth in population.
In addition, Indonesian government has offered economic incentives such as charging extra for excessive waste or water consumption, which encourages people to be more resourceful with their use and waste. Finally, there has been heavy emphasis on awareness through education and campaigning. This is a crucial part of the environmental plan because if people are aware of the consequences of poor management they are more likely to cooperate making the country a better place for their generation and generations to come. Jakarta is a textbook example of perfect urban development for a variety of reasons. In addition, Jakarta has concentrated heavily on environmental practices throughout their urban development. By using instruments such as regulatory measures, planning controls, economic incentives and encouragement of public awareness they have achieves these results.
Majority of people who populate Jakarta speak Bahasa Indonesia, a language very similar to Malay. However, each of the ethnic group speaks its own dialect. English is the most widely spoken foreign language, especially at high-end hotels, followed by Dutch, German, French, Japanese and Spanish. Jakarta has been a main entrance for visitors and home to a dynamic contrast between western style skyscrapers, modern urban life style and traditional Indonesian culture. Its rapid growth into a Metropolitan city shows the economic, politic, social, and industrial development of the country. Recently, Jakarta has widely expanded its international facilities to ease the visitors enjoying life and attractions in the city.
As the premier entrance to Indonesia, Jakarta has its official site to visit. There are various places of interest in Jakarta, however I would say that the most significant ones are Java Anal Recreation Park, National Reawakening Building, National Museum or Museum Gajah, Youth Pledge Building, Independence Proclamation Building and others. Today, leisure time of people of certain society shows the way of life. In order to get in depth of both economic and social situation in Jakarta it would be necessary to discover what regularly citizens of Jakarta do.
For many people in Jakarta, leisure time does not exist at all. Magazine ads and TV commercials show how technology has affected the way people spend their past time. Either people are running errands leaving no time at all to relax, or they are most likely spending their past time watching television, playing video games, or surfing the net. The television is now a part of every home in Jakarta.
Years ago, a television in the living room was considered a luxury; today a house without a TV is rare. The television is part of our everyday lives. Many people do not realize how much time they spend watching TV. Young Indonesian kids watch hours of TV after school, and adults watch after work. They want to catch their favorite program or movie, and when they know that they will not be able to, they set the VCR to record it so they can watch it later. Many people find time to every day to watch TV, no matter how busy their schedules are.
Although TV may become unhealthy if too much time is spent watching it, it does provide a means for relaxation. People just need to be careful about how much time they spend relaxing. For most people, there is a lot of time spent watching TV, playing video games, and surfing the net, but many others who cannot find time for these activities. Many people have schedules that are too busy to let them find time for themselves.
Most of the day is spent working or going to school. Many people work twelve to sixteen hour days, five or six days a week. This leaves very little time to do anything else. When these people are not working, they are doing other things like going shopping or handling their finances.
Working like this, leaving no time for rest can be rewarding in some cases, but most of the time it is not. As recent research markedly demonstrates, consumers in Jakarta now attempt to limit the time they spend shopping. Time-pressed by family and work, they spend less time cruising the mall in search of the perfect item, but rather look to get what they need as quickly as possible. This trend has been labeled precision shopping.
However, especially young people of Jakarta still enjoy shopping there more than spending time at home. The evidence is that the average age of people who spend their leisure time shopping the mall is higher of that of the western countries. There is little doubt that Jakarta itself is now prepared to follow this trend, as a tide wave of new mall openings has overtaken Far East and shows no signs of abating. In Jakarta over the past decade, there have been more than a few developments, which have been touted as shopping malls, but have fallen far short in many regards, because of scale, layout, facilities and other factors. However, it has not been until the past few years when huge malls have opened in the city. These new buildings have brought already a new standard to Jakarta residents and even to Western tourists; they lay the ground for more of the same in the future.
Indonesia is industrialized country. Majority of Indonesian businesses are located in Jakarta, which is the economic heart of the country. In Jakarta electronic and information technologies are highly developed. However, the economic crisis, which hit Indonesia, had hurt economy of Jakarta severely in 1998. It rapidly spread, causing stocks to tumble and many Asian currencies to fall, the worst of all the Indonesian Rupiah.
Indonesia's worsening economic situation is mainly due to the sharp depreciation of Rupiah against the US dollar. Being out of our governments control, the Rupiah keeps on sliding further and at its lowest point touched a level of Rp. 17, 000 against the US dollar. Realizing that the economy will not recover overnight, it takes time and serious effort to bring back the economy on the right track. In order to cover the budget deficit, the Indonesian government asked the assistance from the International Monetary Fund. As for the revival of the economic crisis, Indonesia needs massive aid.
The crisis has caused the banking sector of Jakarta to collapse dramatically. The large number of banks in the city might be one of the main problems as there are more than 265 units. The recent economic crisis has put more burdens on the banking sector so the government decided to close down 16 ailing private banks without a full guarantee on the return of their deposit funds. This has forced depositors to draw their savings and moved to foreign and government banks which resulted in a big rush for several private banks.
Due to this, The Central Bank has to print new money for injection and bailing out the insolvent banks caused by the rush. By printing money, the government unintentionally prompted the outbreak of hyperinflation. Panicked by this, the Central Bank decided to raise interest rates. As a result, companies in Jakarta were highly dependent on loans are forced to close down. Many factories of the city are facing financial difficulties due to the huge and extensive overseas debts and a tremendous dependence on importing raw material and supplies. We know that most factories have been too dependent on imports and their owners much too attracted to foreign capital without hedging.
They are facing problems with loan repayment due to the drastic depreciation of the Rupiah. Even medium and small enterprises are facing the same problem. They have difficulty in running their businesses since they could not afford to pay the high interest rate. Meanwhile, the economy continues to deteriorate with the annual inflation rate once rising more than 100 %. Many factories are closing down and the number of unemployed people increase. The increasing numbers of companies that went bankrupt and the factories, which are closing down, have intensified the quantity of jobless people and unemployment.
To anticipate the long crisis, most companies have to restructure their management systems. It is important in the crisis era for companies to achieve efficiency and stick to market oriented operation. For efficiency, companies cannot avoid but reducing the operation cost and working hours. This resulted in the huge number of lay-off and cutting down number of employees. According to prediction, this crisis has caused at least 20 million people in Indonesia and 2 million in Jakarta to become jobless, 20 % of the schoolchildren are at serious risk of dropping out of school because of shrinking family incomes, soaring unemployment, and hyperinflation. Along with the severe drought, which threatened to push as many as 50 million people into poverty, increasing unemployment, hunger and poverty has also been created.
This serious problem has incited crime, chaos, and social unrest in Jakarta. Poor people can no longer afford to buy staple food and basic essential commodities. Even subsidies could no longer assist with the people becoming more easily tempted and incited to commit crime. Stealing, robbing, looting, destroying, and burning could no longer be avoided. The tragedy was on May 14, 1998, when the mass riots started in Jakarta. The angry mobs started to loot, destroy and burn down shops, supermarkets, cars, housing complexes and even the Chinese minority became the target by being physically assaulted and abused.
The reason is that most Chinese dominate the business factor in Jakarta. Direct losses are approximately US$ 909 million. This resulted in a stagnation of the business, transportation and distribution sector since most Chinese have fled the city. Today economic situation is changing and Jakarta will achieve its status quo.
Jakarta is traditional and modern; rich and poor; spiritual and worldly standing side by side in this bustling metropolis. The population, gathered from the diverse ethnic and cultural groups which shape Indonesia, are often in contrast and a reminder of the nations motto; Unity in Diversity. Jakarta has been called a study in contrasts since it became the capital city of Indonesia. Many contrasts exist in the city: old and new, traditional and modern, rich and poor stand side by side. Over 10 million people live and struggle, they come from all over Indonesia to seek for a thing: a better life. Some of them have succeeded and the rest have not, but they still strive more and more.
Bibliography: Donna, Shawn. Jakarta's Fiscal Plan Inadequate, Financial Times, Published: November 2 2002 4: 00, Last Updated: November 2 2002 4: 00 web web web web
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