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United States vs. Afghanistan The conflict of the USA and Afghanistan is one of the most important. It lasts long and it seems that it will be no end. If to look attentively we could see that the roots of this conflict lay in the large difference between these two countries.
Lets analyse what these difficulties are and what were the real reasons of coming of the USA army to Afghanistan. First lets talk about the US. For best understanding of the American character, way of life, customs and habits it is necessary to at least briefly remind the historical development of this huge country. All the Europeans, who came to America at the very beginning, were amazed with the blossoming nature of the New Would and its riches which however demanded the hard work for the development and in many cases for the protection against the attack of aggressive American Indian tribes. Despite of the various structures of inhabitants, their belief and customs were forming under the influence of religious and ideological belief of Protestants and puritans, major of which were diligence, moderation, belief in persons individual opportunities, aspiration to self-improvement, a positive sight at the surrounding reality. And the reality was severe, especially in the initial stage of colonization.
Another major factor, which influenced the consciousness of colonists, was the absence of the aristocracy suppressing plain people in Europe, which helped people to realize the personal freedom, independence and responsibility. In the second half of the XVIII century the contradictions between the colonists and the imperial Great Britain which oppressed them by economically high taxes and intervention in trading affairs, became aggravated. After the armed conflicts of colonists with English armies the Second Congress of thirteen North American States took place in Philadelphia in 1775 and the Declaration of Independence has accepted on July, 4, 1776. The independence of colonies of the Great Britain was proclaimed. It was declared, that all the people are equal and have inalienable rights for life, freedom and aspiration. After the five years war with Englishmen the new state gained the independence.
In 1783 the peace treaty with England has been signed, and in 1789 the Constitution of the United States has been accepted. The Bill about 6 rights which has ratified the leadership of human rights in relation to the state, freedom of religious beliefs, freedom of speech, assemblies, church included in the Constitution, arrests without the judicial warrant were forbidden. The system of division of authority into its three branches limited the executive power, the two-chamber Congress balanced interests of the majority of the population and separate territories, and the Supreme Court provided the control over the constitutionality of the decisions and actions of legislative and executive authority. Separate states were given the rights, including acceptation of laws which do not contradict to the Constitution.
A way of life of colonists before gaining the independence from England, substantive provisions of the Constitution about the rights, influence of the dominating protestant ideas have generated the basic belief and values of the US citizens. The generous nature, absence of class inequality and aristocrats has created the belief that the USA is the country of inexhaustible opportunities. The basic values, which the Americans are proud of, were ratified. It is individualism, freedom and relying on yourself, the necessity of hard work, the equal rights for every personality, competition in reaching the goals. Young Americans are brought up in the atmosphere of equity of men and women. Already at the age of 18 - 21 young people obtain financial and mental independence.
Equal opportunities encourage the people to compete, support the belief in success even in very difficult situations. Due to the religious tolerance and a freedom of worship there are numerous faiths in the USA. Now Protestants amounts 59 % of the population, Catholics 27 %, representatives of other religions Moslems, Buddhists, Confucians amounts 4 %. 4 % of the population is outside of religion. Among Protestants there are various congregations, including Baptists, methodologist's, Lutherans, evangelists. All of them preach the personal dialogue with the God, constant self-improvement, a positive view at the world, a divine origin of obtained riches, heavy work and self-discipline, bless the help the nearest.
While becoming Americans, joining the belief and installations existing with people, immigrants acquired a view of inexhaustibility of natural riches of America, a belief in an opportunity and necessities of maintenance of high standards of life. The government in the USA is based on the Constitution. However the practice of the government and its influence of the life of citizens have radically changed since time of the acceptance of the USA Constitution in 1789. The included official amendments were directed mainly to the protection of human rights, expansion of suffrages, development of powers of the Federal Government, and also the specification of various procedures.
Judges have changed the interpretation of separate positions of the Constitution. At last, both the structure of the government, and character of its activity changed during the establishment of various political procedures. In contrast to the USA Afghanistan was a monarchy till 1973, when it became a republic as a result of the revolution. In 1978 there was a next revolution as a result of which Revolutionary Council came to authority. At the end of December, 1979 the Soviet armies entered the state and stayed there till February, 15, 1989.
In April 1992 the country was called the Islamic state Afghanistan, the power was given to Supervising Council of jihad. Since September, 1996 the authority is in hands of a religious grouping "Taliban" ("Students"). Authorities of Taliban have overthrown lawfully elected government Rabbani and have established a strict Islamic mode which is not recognized by the United Nations and other countries (except for Pakistan). The country is governed by the Taliban Council of Ministers.
The local authorities are carried out by means of the formal government; the real authority belongs to the local Islamic committees leaning on military force. With the present government Afghanistan is degrading. There are a lot of forbids, that irritate and unpleasantly surprise other states, namely the USA with its love to freedom and independence. Talibs have forbidden to import into the country 30 kinds of " the anti Islamic goods", including chess, cards, nail polish, lipstick and scarfs.
The list of the goods contradicting to laws includes fireworks, figurines, catalogues of clothes, cards with the image of people, musical instruments and audiocassettes. Also it is impossible to import into Afghanistan CDs-disks videocassettes, plates for satellite TV and the wigs made of human hair. The custom service is ordered to withdraw the forbidden goods and to hand over them to the police of Islamic morals. Everybody knows about the feminists movement and its victories in the US. Now women in the United States have the equal rights with men. But in Afghanistan the situation is awful.
Women are forbidden to drive cars there. Talibs assert that the woman at the wheel is incompatible with local traditions and even harmful to the society. This interdiction is distributed even on the foreign women! It is supposed, that in the near future the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan will inform about that all the foreign women in the state and those who are going to enter the state. Talibs also ordered all the foreign people, who are the representatives of other religions to mark their closed with special mark. They are also forbidden to live in the one house with the representatives of the Islamic religion.
Not only women but also men are suffering in Afghanistan. Talibs authorities of Afghanistan have disposed not to serve men without beard in state establishments. Copies of the order are hanging on all the doors of ministries in Kabul and say, that " inhabitants of the country under any conditions cannot receive any services if their person is not decorated with a beard." Below there is Mulley Mohammed Omar's signature. Talibs who supervise 95 % of territory of Afghanistan, have settled for themselves the aim to create the most Islamic state in the world, and radical orders like it appear now rather frequently.
Some Afghans even like to punish men without beard by cutting their ears and noses! Afghan women already for a long time have been forbidden to work and in general to be engaged in any vigorous activity. For example, sports. And sportsmen-men should act in the long clothes" and, naturally, to carry a beard. The Afghani movement Taliban enters restrictions for movement of foreign citizens in the territory of the country.
Foreigners are forbidden to leave the territory of Afghanistan without the corresponding sanction given by the Talibs Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Of course all these changes of Islamic government in Afghanistan shock the population of the United States. The US armies came to Afghanistan with one major aim: to bring in this degrading country the spirit of freedom, independence and love, to share experience, to make people work and gain richness, to help people to fight with the government that makes their life, as well as the life of representatives of another countries coming to the state, unbearable. Bibliography Smith John The truth of Afghanistan, article, Washington 2003 Gargack, Louse H. All about the USA, New York 2003 Homme, Peter J. What about Afghanistan, New York 2002
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