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Computers in Society Information Technology help the storage, processing, transmission and exploitation of information to satisfy a person's, company's, society's or government's needs for information. The invention of printing was the first big break-through in Information Technology. It led to the Reformation in Europe. Other break-throughs for Information Technology were the inventions like telegraphy, telephony, wireless or radio, television, broadcasting, computers (from room size to desk top to lap top to palm top and very soon, wearable ones. ) The 20 th century is called the era of inventions and rapid development of information systems. In 1936, Konrad Zone presented the first freely programmable computer. It was a unique and expensive thing.
There was a great barrier that hampered successful development of the invention. It was the World War II. New technologies made conflicts bloodier and longer. During World War II, British invented a computer for breaking Nazi military codes. It was Colossus I. After the World War II, in 1946, the first America's digital electronic computer appeared.
It was designed by the University of Pennsylvania and was called ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator). Later, in 1951, the first computer was sold for the commercial purposes; and till the end of 1953, computers considered to be International Business Machines. With IBM the mankind has entered into The History of Computers. The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment.
It was designed to survive a nuclear war. With the invention of a personal computer in 1975, IBM gave up its place to the Apple II. The first personal computer was called Altair 8800. The invention of the personal computer was a great breakthrough that had positive as well as negative after-effects. It changed the way people communicate.
Information technologies have become an integral part of our every day life. There are a lot of different attitudes towards the after-effects of the computer revolution. And the both points of view are right. It is for sure that computers increase the gap between rich and poor, well-educated and uneducated.
Later, only people with high incomes and well-educated had access to the "information network." The other harm made with a computer is that people have relied too much on computers. People dont train their memory and analytical thinking. Instead of it, they stuff their heads with a great number of unnecessary learning. Spending a lot of time in front of the computer makes a great harm to a persons eyesight. The next disadvantage is isolation. Nowadays, it is impossible to imagine any kind of work where computers do not use.
Earlier, employees interacted one with other and with their employers. Those contacts were an essential element of ones social life. At present, workers have to spend a lot of time in front of the computer. It limits personal contacts.
Most of all there is a threat of the computerization of industry that can cause great losses of workplaces. But from the other hand, a computer is an opportunity for a lot of physically handicapped Americans to get a job and gave them an access to education. Today more and more places around the world are being connected in more and more ways. Contemporary researches called this process globalization They think that globalization is a phenomenon of technological, economic, political and cultural exchanges produced by modern technologies. Most of all computers had a great impact to the improvement of medicine. Electronic health records would help to reduce medical errors and health care costs.
It goes without saying that the rapid development of the Internet opens up new prospects for e-commerce. The number of suppliers and consumers in the new electronic markets are growing rapidly because of the universal nature of the Internet and because the Internet is easy to use and the costs so little The development of e-commerce has created new economic models and new rules of competition that should be taken into account. E-commerce provides good opportunities for the development of profitable business. The major advantage is that e-commerce offers the opportunity to overcome many of the trade, enterprise and employment challenges such as peripherality, small scale, and regional differences in enterprise distribution.
Having examined all pros and corns, it should be pointed that though computers are very important nowadays but they make humankind more dependent on them. A great dependence on information technologies make humans helpless. Their savings and even lives depend on it. Bibliography: Jason, Manning. The Computer Revolution Hasn't Happened Yet. U.
S. News & World Report, 2 April 1984. Mary, Bellis. The History of Computers. About. com.
The New York Times Company, 2006. web
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