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Example research essay topic: Nobel Peace Prize Human Rights Watch - 1,578 words

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... t creating "the perfect society" or perfect government. They were simply outraged that any government dared abuse, imprison, torture, and often kill human beings whose only crime was in believing differently from their government and saying so in public. They (naively, according to many detractors) took to writing letters to governments and publicizing the plights of these people in hopes of persuading or embarrassing abusive governments into better behavior.

Like the early years of many movements, the early years of the modern human rights movement were rocky. "Appeal for Amnesty, 1961 " had only the most rudimentary organization. The modern organization named Amnesty International gained the structure it has mostly by learning from mistakes. Early staff members operated with no oversight, and money was wasted. This led to establishing strict financial accountability. Early staff members and volunteers got involved in partisan politics while working on human rights violations in their own countries. This led to the principle that AI members were not, as a matter of practice, asked or permitted to work on cases in their country.

Early campaigns failed because Amnesty was misinformed about certain prisoners. This led to the establishment of a formidable research section and the process of "adoption" of prisoners of conscience only after a thorough investigation phase. The biggest lesson Amnesty learned, and for many the distinguishing feature of the organization, however, was to stick to what it knew and not go outside its mandate. A distinguished human rights researcher "Amnesty is an organization that does only one or two things, but does them extremely well. " Amnesty International does not take positions on many issues which many people view as human rights concerns (such as abortion) and does not endorse or criticize any form of government.

While it will work to ensure a fair trial for all political prisoners, it does not adopt as prisoners of conscience anyone who has used or advocated violence for any reason. It rarely provides statistical data on human rights abuses, and never compares the human rights records of one country with another. It sticks to work on behalf of individual prisoners, and work to abolish specific practices, such as torture and the death penalty. A lot of people found this too restrictive. Many pro-democracy advocates were extremely upset when the organization dropped Nelson Mandela (at the time a black South African anti-apartheid activist in jail on trumped-up murder charges) from its list of adopted prisoners, because of his endorsing a violent struggle against apartheid. Others were upset that Amnesty would not criticize any form of government, even one which (like Soviet-style Communism, or Franco-style fascism) appeared inherently abusive and incompatible with respect for basic human rights.

Many activists simply felt that human rights could be better served by a broader field of action. Over the years combinations of these concerns and others led to formation of other human rights groups. Among them were groups which later merged to form Human Rights Watch, the first of them being Helsinki Watch in 1978. Regional human rights watchdog groups often operated under extremely difficult conditions, especially those in the Soviet Block. Helsinki Watch, which later merged with other groups to form Human Rights Watch, started as a few Russian activists who formed to monitor the Soviet Union's compliance with the human rights provisions in the Helsinki accords. Many of its members were arrested shortly after it was formed and had little chance to be active.

Other regional groups formed after military takeovers in Chile in 1973, in East Timor in 1975, in Argentina in 1976, and after the Chinese Democracy Wall Movement in 1979. Although there were differences in philosophy, focus, and tactics between the groups, for the most part they remained on speaking terms, and a number of human rights activists belonged to more than one group. Recognition for the human rights movement, and Amnesty International in particular, grew during the 1970 s. Amnesty gained permanent observer status as an NGO at the United Nations. Its reports became mandatory reading in legislatures, state departments and foreign ministries around the world.

Its press releases received respectful attention, even when its recommendations were ignored by the governments involved. In 1977 it was awarded the Nobel Peace prize for its work. Unfortunately, the Nobel Peace Prize didn't impress the governments Amnesty most wanted to get through to. That year the Argentine military dictatorship reportedly claimed that Amnesty was a front organization for the Soviet KGB. This supposedly occurred the same week that the Soviet government claimed Amnesty was run by the U.

S. CIA, to the amusement of human rights activists and, presumably, embarrassment of certain people in Argentina and the Soviet Union. Amnesty International Amnesty International is the oldest, biggest human rights group. The group has mostly focused on individual, local human rights activism. Because Amnesty International stays away from politics and avoids getting involved in issues outside its scope of it's mandate, people from all sorts of political and religious backgrounds are members and work together for a common cause. Electronic Frontier Foundation The Electronic Frontier Foundation was founded to promote and extend the concept of civil liberties to on-line communications.

While the EFF is a U. S. -based group whose main focus is on U. S. law, it has a number of "sister organizations" in other countries.

For those knowledgeable about the Internet and Cyberspace (computer professionals, netizen's, etc. ), this would be a right group to join. Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch, founded in 1978 as Helsinki Watch, is a coalition formed by a number of independent regional human groups. They are perhaps the best human rights researchers in the field at present -- their reports are extremely thorough, carefully written, and backed by impressive amounts of detail and numerous sources. Human Rights Watch is not equipped to handle volunteers.

One can either be a financial supporter or get into Human Rights work as a profession. Peace-Net Peacenet is not a human rights group by itself. It is the first and largest computer network for activists in peace, human rights and related issues. Peacenet is run by the Institute for Global Communications (IGC), an activity of the Tides Foundation, a San Francisco-based non-profit trust. It is a member of the Association for Progressive Communications, an international coalition of networks for peace and human rights activists.

This group is meant for the serious, on-line activists. This group activities are far more extensive and specific than anything on the Internet. HUMAN RIGHTS ACT - INDIA The Indian parliament has passed an Act to provide for the constitution of a National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commissions in States and Human Rights Courts for better protection of human rights and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. It is enacted by Parliament in the Forty-fourth Year of the Republic of India. It is known as Indian Human Rights Act, 1993. National Human Rights Commission National Human Rights Commission was established in India on 12. 10. 94 under The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.

Hon " ble Justice R. N. Misra (former Chief Justice of India and presently (Member, Rajya Sabha) was the First Chairperson and Hon " ble Justice M. N.

Venkatachaliah, (former Chief Justice of India and presently Chairperson Constitutional Review Committee) was the second chairperson. Hon " ble Justice J. S. Verma (former Chief Justice of India) is the present Chairperson of the Commission. Selected recommendations of the National Human Rights Commission give an insight into the true nature of human rights violation in India. The directions and compensation provided by the National Human Rights Commission provide the perception and working of the NHRC Developing Sustainable Human Rights Cities A historic initiative, towards and beyond the 50 th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in which a whole community examines traditional beliefs, collective memory and aspirations as related to the Universal Declaration, and moves into the 21 st century as a Human Rights Community.

The process led to the development of Human Rights Cities. Several communities are already adopting this process, including Rosario (Argentina), Thies (Senegal), Nagpur (India) and Kati (Mali) are moving into the 21 st century as Human Rights Cities. Nagpur, a Human Sensitive Rights City In December 1999, the city of Nagpur (population: 2, 800, 000), India was inaugurated as a Human Rights Sensitive City by PDHREs local partner, YUVA, in association with other local NGOs, CBOs, municipal officials, the office of the Mayor, lawyers groups, representatives from academia, business and various other professions and stake holders. The inauguration, which was heralded throughout the city with posters at major road intersections, was followed by several in-depth training and dialogues with environmentalists, educators, economists, womens organizations and local youth groups. Each session concentrated on the practical challenges of making Nagpur a human rights sensitive city. The three-day event concluded with a Rally led by some of the poorest slum communities in the city, and a city-wide one day meeting of women organizations who came together to reaffirm the commitment made and to join in defining the needs for the realization of human rights.

A citizens committee has now been formed to follow similar processes and methodologies being undertaken in Rosario. Funding for this first stage of the process was allocated to YUVA from funding PDHRE has received from the Norwegian Government but future funding is now being sought. A full report of activities in Nagpur in 1999 is also available.


Free research essays on topics related to: nobel peace prize, chief justice, human rights act, human rights watch, universal declaration

Research essay sample on Nobel Peace Prize Human Rights Watch

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