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Cellular Reproduction is the process by which all living things produce new organisms similar or identical to themselves. This has to happen because if a species were not able to reproduce, that species would quickly become extinct. Reproduction consists of a basic pattern: the conversion by a parent organism of raw materials into offspring or cells that will later develop into offspring. The reproductive process, whether asexual or sexual always involves an exchange in hereditary material from the parents so that the new organism may also be able to reproduce. Reproductive processes can be categorized into either asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is any form of reproduction that does not require the union of male and female reproductive material (sperm or egg).
Most single celled organisms reproduce by the asexual process known as fission, which is commonly called mitosis. Fission is The splitting of a nucleus into two roughly equal parts accompanied by the release of a pretty large amount of energy. Interphase, the first phase of the cell cycle and also the phase before mitosis, starts as soon as the cell is born. Interphase is broken up into three phases, G 1, S, and G 2. During the G 1 phase, the cell increases in mass except for the chromosomes, which stay the same. Protein synthesis is also occurring during this phase.
If a cell doesn't divide further, it remains in the G 1 phase. Next is the S phase, in which the mass of the cell continues to increase, and DNA is duplicated, and then the chromosomes divide. During the G 2 phase of Interphase, the cell becomes double its mass at birth, the chromosomes begin to shorten and coil, and the centrioles appear, the cell is now ready to enter into mitosis. In the first phase of mitosis, prophase, the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles split in half and then move to opposite sides of the cell. At this point chromosomes have formed into two chromatids separated by a structure called a centromere.
Spindle fibers are barely visible. During metaphase, the second phase of mitosis, the two chromatids line up along the equator of the cell. Each chromatid has its own spindle fiber. Next comes the third phase of mitosis, Anaphase, in which the centromeres break in half, causing each of the two chromatids to start to be pulled to different sides of the cell. The spindle fibers pull the chromatids until they reach the sides of the cell. Finally, the last phase of mitosis called Telophase in which the chromatids are fully pulled toward the poles and the Nuclear envelope begins to reappear.
After mitosis is complete, cytokinesis occurs, cytokinesis is the process in which a cells cytoplasm is split into two equal parts, therefore causing the parent cell to split into two separate cells. Mitosis is a process that guarantees better cellular work. The two new cells will carry out the same functions and cellular processes as the parent, providing that the two cells will carry out twice as much as the original cell.
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Research essay sample on Spindle Fibers Asexual Reproduction
