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Connective Tissue Lactic Acid
1,736 wordsThe immediate source of energy for muscular contraction is the high-energy phosphate compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Although ATP is not the only energy-carrying molecule in the cell, it is the most important one, and without sufficient amounts of ATP most cells die quickly. The three main parts of an ATP molecule are: an adenine portion, a ribose portion, and three phosphates linked together. The formation of ATP occurs by combining adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosph...
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Cd 4 Cells Reverse Transcriptase
1,846 wordsThe content of this paper is whether or not mutations undergone by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and allow it to survive in the immune system. The cost of treating all persons with AIDS in 1993 in the United States was $ 7. 8 billion, and it is estimated that 20, 000 new cases of AIDS are reported every 3 months to the CDC. The question dealing with how HIV survives in the immune system is important, not only in the search for a cure for the virus and its inescapable syndrome, AIDS (Acquired ...
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Gel Electrophoresis Chain Reaction
892 wordsHuntington Disease, (HD), is a hereditary degenerative brain disease. Usually begining in mid-life, cells in the caudate nucleus of the brain begin to die, causing a relentless deterioration of intellectual ability, emotional control, motor skills, balance and speech. Chorea, or involuntary movements, is nearly always a symptom as well. HD is caused by a single dominant gene. Every child of an affected parent has a 50 % chance of inheriting the gene that causes HD. The HD gene is found on chromo...
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Studies Have Shown Blood Vessels
1,197 wordsBiological regeneration has been studied over the years, in salamanders, and biological imitations of life. Through research on the mitotic capabilities of certain animals, to the DNA and hormones that make regeneration possible, scientists are slowly finding a way so that humans can regenerate lost or missing limbs, or grow organs used to save millions of lives in the future. Because being able to reproduce a limb or body part is dependent on nerves, scientists have found it vital to perform es...
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Dna Gel Electrophoresis Research
1,724 wordsThe main objective of this lab was to identify unknown plasmids by observation of their genotype and phenotype. We observed the plasmids phenotype by using it to transform bacteria. When the plasmid is in a bacterial host the antibiotic resistance gene can be expressed and impart resistance to the host. We also analyzed the genotype of the unknown plasmid by performing a variety of molecular genetic techniques such as predigestion, electrophoresis in arose gel, staining with ethidium bromide, an...
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Investigation On The Enzyme Trypsin
2,197 wordsAn Investigation determining a factor affecting the rate of digestion of gelatin by the protease trypsin. Introduction An enzyme is a biological catalyst, which speeds up reactions. An example of this in the human body is trypsin (a protease produced in the pancreas and used in the stomach), which catalyses the digestion of gelatine, a protein. For this investigation, a photographic film will be the source of the gelatine. I will be able to identify when the gelatine is digested, when the photog...
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Amino Acids Peptide Bonds
367 wordsA gastric gland is a tubular structure in the vertebrate stomach that secretes gastric juices. The gastric glands have three types of cells that secrete different components of the gastric juice. One of them is being a chief cell, which is a rust color and is an inactive form of the digestive enzyme Pepsin. Pepsin begins the digestion of proteins in food. Pepsin is a Peptidases, which is an enzyme that breaks peptide bonds of proteins. Pepsin is found in the mucosal lining of the stomach that br...
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Molecular Biology Membrane Potential
1,317 words... that span the membrane. Class 5. Lipid Anchored These proteins undergo substitution with the carbohydrate groups of glycolipids, therefore binding covalently with the lipid. This classification is not definitive in including all proteins, since there may well be other examples that span the membrane with different numbers of anchor chains. The structure of proteins varies greatly. The first factor affecting structure is the proteins function, but equally important is the proteins location, a...
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Low Density Lipoproteins Sympathetic Nervous System
2,326 wordsDuring my experience in volunteering, I chose a patient for the case study assignment. The subject I chose was identified as GKM. The patients chief complaint upon her visit to the clinic was for a follow-up on her hypertension and for more medication for this disease. GKM is a 56 -year-old Caucasian female with the date of birth on 12 - 14 - 43. Her past medical and surgical history consisted of childhood diseases, heart and cardiovascular problems, and cancer. The childhood diseases she had we...
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Amino Acids Human Body
1,264 wordsPhysiology In Cell Communication Cell Communication Physiology In the human body there are many parts that work together in order for everything to function properly, but even these parts need to have a way to know what to do. This is where cell communication comes into play. Tiny cells in the body contain astounding networks that allow for this communication. Scientists are discovering why these messages from cell to cell are so efficient, and this could lead to new therapies for diseases. In t...
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Bioethics Advisory Commission National Bioethics Advisory
1,344 wordsOn February 24, 1997, the scientists at the Roslin Institute in Edinburg, Scotland announced their success in cloning an adult mammal for the first time. The cloned sheep was named Dolly. She was the first animal cloned from a cell taken from an adult. It was an accomplishment than science had declared impossible. In June, 1997, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission issued its recommendation that a ban be placed on all efforts to create a child through cloning or somatic cell nuclear transf...
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Amino Acids Alzheimer
1,948 wordsDNA: The Making Lyle Sykes For more than 50 years after the science of genetics was established and the patterns of inheritance through genes were clarified, the largest questions remained unanswered: How are the chromosomes and their genes copied so exactly from cell to cell, and how do they direct the structure and behavior of living things? This paper will discuss those questions and the people that answered them. Two American geneticists, George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum, provided...
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Herpes Simplex Virus Strains Of Hsv Viruses
591 wordsHOW ABOUT VIRUSES? Just like bacteria viruses are one of the microbes that are winning the match against the humans. Viruses were the toughest one to tackle for the scientist. The shape, contents and their protective shields were the most challenging part of the fight. There are many ways one can treat cancer, but for AIDS doctors prescribe a cocktail of drugs in which some are enzyme inhibitors, protein inhibitors and while some are RNA inhibitors. This is not it in the cocktail there is more t...
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Restriction Enzymes Protein Synthesis
1,277 wordsGenetic Engineering Of Cotton For Insect Resistance Genetic Engineering Of Cotton For Insect Resistance GENETIC ENGINEERING OF COTTON FOR INSECT RESISTANCE The DNA code mostly contains instructions for protein synthesis. The code is read in groups of three nucleotides and each triplet of nucleotides codes for one of the twenty amino acids which link together in a polypeptide chain to form a protein. The code is universal, so the same code applies in nearly all living organisms. Some triplets hav...
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Parts Of The Body Nitric Oxide
1,250 wordsExpansion On The Recent Discoveries Concerning Nitric Expansion On The Recent Discoveries Concerning Nitric Oxide Expansion on the Recent Discoveries Concerning Nitric Oxide as presented by Dr. Jack R. Lancaster Nitric Oxide, or NO, its chemical representation, was until recently not considered to be of any benefit to the life processes of animals, much less human beings. However, studies have proven that this simple compound had an abundance of uses in the body, ranging from the nervous system ...
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cd 4 Cells
2,076 wordsHuman Immunodeficiency Virus The topic of this paper is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, and whether or not mutations undergone by the virus allow it to survive in the immune system. The cost of treating all persons with AIDS in 1993 in the United States was $ 7. 8 billion, and it is estimated that 20, 000 new cases of AIDS are reported every 3 months to the CDC. This question dealing with how HIV survives in the immune system is of critical importance, not only in the search for a cure fo...
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Sickle Cell Anemia Red Blood Cells
1,326 wordsThe Protein Site Protein Synthesis The process of Protein Synthesis involves many parts of the cell. Unlike other similar productions, this process is very complex and precise and therefore must be done in proper sequence to work effectively. The slightest error during this process could cause the action to experience difficulty or even fail. For example, in the production of starch, glucose molecules are combined to be stored and eventually utilized as usable chemical energy. The cell can break...
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Tay Sachs Disease Autosomal Recessive
812 wordsThis condition, Tay-sachs TAY-SACHS DISEASE This condition, Tay-Sachs Disease, is due to the reduction of a key enzyme. This missing enzyme is hexosominidase and is commonly referred to as Hex A. When this enzyme is missing in lipids (fats), GMZ ganglioside accumulates in inert cells. Hex A is key and is needed to break up and regulate lipids. When GMZ builds up in the neurons, the functions of the nervous system are affected. This leads to mental retardation, damages in the nervous system, and ...
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Sickle Cell Anemia Red Blood Cells
1,616 wordsProtein Synthesis The Expression of a Gene The process of Protein Synthesis involves many parts of the cell. Unlike other similar productions, this process is very complex and precise and therefore must be done in proper sequence to work effectively. The slightest error during this process could cause the action to experience difficulty or even fail. For example, in the production of starch, glucose molecules are combined to be stored and eventually utilized as usable chemical energy. The cell c...
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Coronary Heart Disease Clinical Trials
987 wordsZOCOR has been available in the United States since 1992, and ZOCOR has been prescribed for more than 6 million patients worldwide. Background A team of doctors and scientists designed a large-scale, long-term study to determine whether ZOCOR (simvastatin), a cholesterol-lowering medicine, as an addition to diet, could help heart disease patients with high cholesterol live longer and avoid heart attacks. The study took about 6 years and involved 4, 444 patients with coronary heart disease and hi...
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