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HEROIN Heroin is a highly addictive drug derived from morphine, which is obtained from the opium poppy. It is a downer that affects the brains pleasure systems and interferes with the brains ability to perceive pain. Heroin can be used in a variety of ways, depending on user preference and the purity of the drug Heroin can be: Injected into a vein (mainlining). Injected into a muscle Smoked in a water pipe or standard pipe, mixed in a marijuana joint or regular cigarette Inhaled as smoke through a straw, known as chasing the dragon Inhaled as powder via the nose Heroin is a fast-acting drug, especially when injected or smoked. Injected heroin reaches the brain in 15 to 30 seconds; smoked heroin reaches the brain in 7 seconds. The high from heroin is experienced as intense pleasure.
Once a person begins using heroin, they quickly develop a tolerance to the drug and need more and more to get the same effects. Heroin is purer now than it has ever been. In 1980 the average bag of street heroin was 4 % pure; the average street bag today is 40 % pure and can be as pure as 70 %. Increased purity results in users snorting and smoking rather than injecting the drug. Sellers cut and package heroin for injectors and for inhalers differently. Purity is lower in the South and the West than in the Northeast and Midwest.
It is extremely difficult to estimate how many people use heroin. There is agreement among epidemiologists that heroin is the most under-reported drug in terms of usage and that any usage statistics are unreliable. Estimates range from 428, 000 past-year heroin users (National Household Survey, 1995) to 600, 000 past week heroin users (Office of National Drug Control Policy). On the other hand, some experts estimate that as many as 2 to 3 million people in the United States use heroin recreational. Heroin initially produces a feeling of euphoria that often is followed by drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. Users also may experience constricted pupils, watery eyes, and itching.
An overdose may produce slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma and death. Tolerance develops rapidly. The use of contaminated syringes may result in diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis. Addiction in pregnant women can lead to premature, stillborn, or addicted infants who experience severe withdrawal symptoms.
Once a person begins using heroin, he or she quickly develops a tolerance to the drug and needs more and more to get the same effects. Within one month, a new user might need much more than his / her initial dose to get high. Many heroin addicts have intense cravings for heroin but find it takes more and more heroin to get high. A regular dose simply results in reduction of the extreme discomfort associated with withdrawal getting straight or being not sick but doesnt lead to the good feelings of being high. Many users switch to injection as a more economical way of use. It takes less injected heroin than smoked or snorted heroin to achieve the same effects.
Heroin is psychologically and physically addictive. The acute physical withdrawal is grueling and lasts up to 72 hours. During this time, symptoms include vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, cramping, and severe shaking. It can take months or even years to recover from the physical addiction, and fighting the psychological addiction is a lifetime battle. During this protracted withdrawal, recovering addicts battle cravings and depression. Some negative effects of heroin are slowed and sure speech, slow gait, constricted pupils, droopy eyelids, impaired night vision, dry skin, itching, skin infections, vomiting (at first use, and later at high doses), constipation, nodding off (at very high doses), decreased sexual pleasure, indifference to sex, sedation proceeding to coma, respiratory depression, HIV infection from injection, can impair immune system, addiction, reduced appetite, slow, irregular heart rate, irregular blood pressure, menstrual irregularity, and death from overdose.
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Research essay sample on Heroin Reaches Heroin Users
