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... highest yearly value export level registered since 1989. In year 2000, monthly average was USD 863. 9 million (in 1999 monthly average was USD 708. 6 million). Industrial products represented 97. 4 % of total exports in 2000, while products from agriculture and forestry held a weight of only 2. 6 % (Romania export in 2000). In the structure of exports by goods, five sections of goods hold 69. 7 % of total exports: textile matters and articles thereof (24. 2 %), metallurgical products (16. 0 %), machinery and mechanical devices, electric machinery, appliances and equipment, apparatus for recording and reproducing sound and image (14. 0 %), mineral products (7. 9 %) and footwear and parts thereof (7. 6 %). In the structure of imports by goods, three sections of goods held 55. 4 % in total imports: machinery and mechanical devices, electric machinery, appliances and equipment, recording or reproducing sound and image apparatus (24. 6 %), textile matters and articles thereof (16. 3 %) and mineral products (ores, crude oil, oil products, natural gas 14. 5 %) (Romania export 2000).
Imports of machinery and mechanical devices, electric appliances and equipment, recording or reproducing sound and image apparatus increased by USD 780. 9 million (+ 32. 1 %) as against 1999. "Boilers, turbines, engines, apparatus and mechanical devices and parts thereof" holding 46. 4 % in total section and 11. 4 % in total imports, products with more important weights were the following: automatic data processing machinery (6. 1 % in total section), individually functioning machinery and mechanical devices (3. 2 %), parts and accessories for automatic data processing machinery and office ones (2. 1 %), tap articles and similar (1. 9 %), air-conditioning machinery and apparatus (1. 6 %), refrigerators, freezers and other cooling equipment (1. 5 %), sewing machines, supports and covers for sewing machines (1. 5 %), rubber or plastics processing machinery and apparatus (1. 4 %), parts exclusively or mainly meant for piston engines (1. 4 %), lab apparatus and devices (1. 4 %), liquid pumps (1. 2 %), air pumps and compressors (1. 2 %), plates and dishes washing machines, bottles cleaning and drying machines (1. 2 %), machinery and apparatus for gas filtering and cleaning (1. 1 %), machine-tools for wood processing (1. 1 %) (Romania Import 2000). Imported goods electric machinery, appliances and equipment, recording and reproducing sound and TV image apparatus had a weight of 53. 6 % in total section and 13. 2 % in total imports. Main imported products from this chapter of goods were the following: integrated circuits and electronic micro-assemblies (10. 4 % of total section), electric apparatus for line telephony (9. 2 %), radio-telephony broadcasting apparatus (3. 4 %), sets for glow plug, other sets (2. 8 %), electric transformers, electrostatic converters (2. 6 %), electric circuits protection and switch apparatus (2. 6 %), parts for radio and television sets (2. 4 %). In 2000, imports of textile matters and articles thereof exceeded by USD 193. 9 million (+ 10. 0 %) those of 1999. Higher weight of products from this section in total imports (16. 3 %) was determined by higher imports of woolen, cotton, synthetic and artificial fiber fabrics mainly used for making clothing articles and accessories for exports. Commercial deficit FOB/CIF was USD - 2, 688. 0 million in 2000 (USD - 2, 070. 0 million in 1999).
Trade balance in FOB/FOB prices recorded a deficit (USD - 1, 683. 1 million, respectively USD - 1, 257. 3 million in 1999) (Trade balance 2000). According to the data supplied by the National Bank of Romania, average exchange rate of national currency in relation with USD on foreign currency market was ROL 21, 692. 7 in 2000 as against ROL 15, 332. 9 in 1999. The data supplied by the National Bank of Romania, exchange rate of national currency in relation with USD on foreign currency market was ROL 29, 623. 0 at end of July 2001 (+ 14. 3 % as against December 2000) (exchange rate). Romania was a founding member of the WTO in 1995. All tariffs are bound at ceiling rates, and Romania is eliminating tariffs on products covered by the information technology agreement (ITA). For the current year, HS 1996 and the CN 1998 are applied.
All tariff lines are bound under the WTO Agreement. This commitment was implemented starting in 1995, the applied customs duties being at the bound level or below. The previous trade policy review highlighted that Romania did not apply any quotas restrictions on imports. Starting with 1 January 1998, all remaining restrictions or quantitative limitations on exports have been eliminated. From that moment, all Romanian foreign trade is free of any prohibition or quantitative limitation.
The process of the export liberalization registered a steady development: the number of goods temporarily prohibited to export diminished continuously while the products under export quota were gradually phased out. For prudential reasons, some products (raw materials, low manufactured goods) continue to be monitored through an automatic export licensing system. This system encompasses exhaustible natural resources or those affecting the environment. Automatic import licenses are also used for goods with an impact on human and plant health.
For the period after 1990, a steady improvement of the licensing system can be noticed, the process started from a system according to which all export or import operations were administered through licenses. A first relaxation occurred in 1992 and a further one in 1993, when the greatest parts of licenses were issued for quantitatively restricted exports. Finally, the process ended with a system of reduced compulsory automatic import and export licensing. During the 1993 - 1998 period, when restrictions on export were still in force, these restrictions were administered through export licenses while imports were conducted without import license. During the same period, the temporary export prohibitions were reduced from 178 tariff lines in 1996 to 155 tariff lines in 1997. Starting with 1 January 1998 all remaining export prohibitions and quantitative restrictions were eliminated, this decision producing an important effect on foreign trade liberalization.
For the time being, only automatic export or import licenses are in force, their number is much reduced and the nature of these licenses is a statistical one. Thus, there are no restrictions on exports or imports, the licensing system being an automatic one and having a monitoring function. As a rule, the Ministry of Industry and Commerce issues automatic export or import licenses, without any other prior endorsement. Exceptions to this rule encompass products, which might affect human health, environment protection or trade in precious metals, for which prior endorsement is required from the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment and the National Bank of Romania respectively.
The customs policy as one of the trade policy's important component can affect international trade. This is the reason for which a special attention has been given to the continuous improvement of the customs regulations and activity. The customs system scored an evident progress, shifting in mid- 1998 from a manual treatment of customs operations to an electronic one. Another significant achievement related to the improvement of the customs activity was the setting-up of a customs database, providing customs officers an additional neutral and operative instrument in carrying out customs clearance in accordance with international commitments of Romania (Romania trade policy). In 1999, the Romania labor force was 9. 9 million. The unemployment rate was 11. 5 percent and their inflation rate was 45. 7 percent (CIA).
Because of these reasons, the country was poor because their salary cannot match the inflation rate. It also affected the developments of technology because most of the machinery, computers and tools are imported from the other countries. Most of the labor forces are working on the agriculture and services more than industry. Business opportunities in Romania are tied.
Foreign firms attempting to export to Romania may, by an analysis of such goals, determine whether and to what degree their product and technology offerings meet Romanian needs. From the research I found from the book and World Wide Web, I found out I can reach International business contact company located at Calea Monitor 298, Bloc 48, Start B, Ebay 5, AP. 48, Romania or directly contacts with Romanian Foreign Trade companies via the Romanian chamber of commerce (not, 471). International Business Contact Company is doing international trade general, wood export and electronics computer import (import, export general trading). Romania has three major radio broadcasting stations.
They are AM 40, FM 202, and shortwave 3. Their profit gaining is 7. 2 million at 1997. The other famous media is television-broadcasting station. It had more than 48 television stations and the profit gaining is 5. 25 million.
Computer and Internet service is one of famous recent technology growing up in Romania. There are thirty-eight Internet Service Providers and the Internet users are getting around 600, 000 people at 2000. The inhabitants also like to spend their weekend on cinemas because they have new, few weeks even less after being released on the cinemas across the world. The price is 10, 000 lei, a lot cheaper than in many foreign countries (Culture Activities & Leisure).
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