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... f the world. In the Queens land we all live like one family (Utley 188). During the meeting Canadian Lieutenant Irvine told Sitting Bull that he would be protected, as long as he behaved himself.
The Lakota leaders started to realize that life in Canada a very appealing prospect. They now had protection against bluecoat (American) attack. They also had an abundance of buffalo between Cypress Hills and Wood Mountain. They had a new vision for the future On the other hand the chiefs still had thoughts of returning to their homeland to fight for its return. They knew that they had been defeated for the time being, for now renewing the fight was out of the question. To add to the vision of a new life, and the old way of the buffalo.
Walsh granted traders the authority to sell strictly limited quantities of powder and ball (Utley 190). The Sioux could then return to hunting the plentiful amount of buffalo in Canada. The Buffalo hunt would cause many young Lakota and Slots to cross paths. Inevitably, some would steal stock or commit other offenses (Utley 191). Sitting Bull had plenty of mouths to feed by the time the spring of 1878 came along.
His band grew by 240 lodges when Crazy Horses band made its way across the border, to what would be called the Canadian sanctuary. 45 of White Birds Nez Perces had also attached themselves to the Sioux (Utley 200). This brought Sitting Bull camp up to a total of 800 lodges, with a total of around 5, 000 people (Utley 200). The Buffalo supplies were not a plentiful as thought before. The Canadian government had estimated that there were enough buffalo to feed its western Indians for at least another five years (Anderson 6). This projection didnt account for the presence of 5, 000 Sioux in Canada who were making drastic inroads into the numbers of buffalo (Anderson 6). The Canadian tribes began to see the dwindling numbers of buffalo.
They did not hesitate on blaming the Sioux. The Dwindling Buffalo was a burden in eyes of the Canadian government. They knew it would lead to intertribal warfare. The Canadian government did not want to feed the Sioux when the buffalo ran out.
The attitude of Canada remained; the Sioux would eventually have to return to their own country. In the Beginning of 1878 buffalo began becoming scarce in Canada. Sitting Bulls hunting bands fell into the habit of straddling the line" (Anderson 6). Sitting Bull remained very hesitant to cross the boundary, so he often set the camps just slightly north of the border. On July 17, 1879, a hunting Party that included sitting bull, ventured across the border were they exchanged shots with Bear Coat Miles soldiers, and Crow scouts.
Sitting Bull and his party was forced back across the line as a result of Miles Howitzers. This strengthened the hatred Sitting Bull had toward the Americans. He was certain that he was going to be punished for what happened at Little Bighorn. The continual slaughter of buffalo throughout the Great Plains by whites and Indians, led to the end of large herds migrating north of the border. By 1879 there were only scattered herds in Canada.
Canadian Indians and Sioux were starving. This forced many of Sitting Bulls people to surrender at Fort Keogh. Surrendering in some cases was the only alternative to starvation. In the early summer of 1879, a party of young Sioux raided 50 or more horses the Metis, a native Canadian tribe.
The Sioux laughed at one Metis named Poitras, rode into the Sioux camp to demand the return of his horses. Poitras then rode to Walsh's post at Wood Mountain, and complained. Walsh intern rode to the Sioux encampment and threatened to force them to move back across the border, if they didnt return the horses. The lack of food had led the Sioux to ask for provisions from the Canadians. During the meeting with Walsh after the horse raid, Sitting Bull complained about the White Mothers lack of companion toward the Sioux. Walsh was insulted by his comments, he said Have you forgotten that youre American Indians?
You havent any right to be in Canada. Youve caused us police any amount of trouble. Youve stolen horses. Youve been a goddamn nuisance. You seem to think that all white men are afraid of you.
Well, Get your god dam provisions at the trading post. If you keep on making trouble, Ill put the whole damn lot of you in jail (Anderson 7). During the dispute Sitting Bull attempted to pull out his revolver, but was quickly halted by another chief. Then he got up and walked away.
By June of 1879 the Canadian government resolved to end the put an end to the encouragement to the Sioux, and they should be pressed to return to the United States. Walsh was not the man to carry out such a policy. This only because he liked the Sioux, understood them, and believed that they were abused by the United States. Walsh's superiors at Fort Walsh and Ottawa sensed his Liabilities, and in the spring of 1880 they moved discreetly to separate him from the Sioux (Utley 214). Prime Minister Sir John MacDonald, who started the Mounted Police in 1873, was convinced that Walsh was being too sympathetic to Sitting Bull.
So he transferred Walsh from Wood Mountain to Fort QuAppelle, 160 miles northeast. Sitting Bull was devastated when he heard of the departure of Walsh; he also was in need of assistance. He presented Walsh with a eagle feathered war bonnet, telling him: take courage when the Lakota were strong (Anderson 8). Walsh.
Before the departure Sitting Bull asked if Walsh could plead for a reservation in Canada. Walsh said, that it would be useless for him to do this... he would have to eventually return to the United States (Anderson 9). Sitting Bull wanted Walsh to assure that he and his people would be treated fairly when they returned.
He feared retaliation for the victory over Custer. Walsh told Sitting Bull that he would try to go to Washington if the Prime Minister permitted him. Walsh had told himself that he had done no more than promise to make known the wishes of the Sioux in Ottawa and, if permitted Washington. What he had actually done was planted large expectations in the minds of the Sioux (Utley 214). Walsh would not be allowed to travel to Washington though. He was not even able to travel back to Wood Mountain to report the outcome of his mission to Sitting Bull.
Sitting Bull continued to hold out, and in desperation he went to a Canadian post at Qu Apple river. He begged the Canadian authorities to give his people a reservation. But the answer was, No. The Americans had a reservation south of the border if they would only comply with the demands of the United States Government.
Sitting Bull then asked them for food (Adams 348). Sitting Bull was finally starting to realize his fight was almost over. Sitting Bull did not have a large number of followers. There were no longer thousands of massive warriors as there had been at Little Bighorn, just a handful of immediate followers, numbering in les than two hundred, who remained faithful to the ideal of resistance.
Sitting Bull dream of living free in Canada was soon to end. Inspector List N. F. replaced Walsh at Wood Mountain, with the intent to rid Canada of Sitting Bull. He was unable to gain the respect of sitting bull. He lacked the true dedication that Walsh had they would act quick and steadfast in expelling sitting bull from Canada.
Jean Louis Legare who was trader at Wood Mountain had assisted many Sioux with provisions and accompanied them to Ft Buford. He had hoped to be reimbursed by the American and Canadian governments for feeding and assisting the Sioux in moving back into the states. On July 12, a caravan of thirty-seven carts hauled food and supplies necessary to get the remaining Sioux from Canada to Fort Buford. Sitting Bull surrendered on July 19, 1881 putting and end to his exile.
Alexander Macdonnell of the Mounted police accompanied him Sitting Bulls long struggle for the traditional Indian way of life ended with the depletion of the buffalo herds. He spent for years in Canada under a close watchful eye of Walsh, Canadian Mounties. In the end sitting Bull was able to escape the terror of the United States had for four years.
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Research essay sample on Sitting Bull Exile To Canada
