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The purpose of this lab was to find that gravity of Earth is indeed 9. 8 m / s /s (the The theory, according to Galileo, is that two objects have the same acceleration if dropped from the same height will land at the same time at the speed of 9. 8 m / s /s as long as there is no air resistance. To have an understanding Galileo's theory of acceleration, certain terms and equations must be known. Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity divided by the time interval which the change of velocity was measured. Velocity is defined as the change of position (distance) divided by the time interval that the position was measured by. The most basic formula used in this lab, and in most of physics, is the formula for velocity. this formula is defined as: velocity = change in distance divided by the change in time (v = d / t ).
The basic metric units for this equation will be m / s . Another formula used is the formula used to find acceleration. this equation is as follows: acceleration = change of velocity divided by the change in time (a = v / t ). The basic metric unit used with this equation are m / s /s.
Gravity's most common law for gravity is known as the constant acceleration of force on any objects, no matter what the size or shape, only if there is no wind The first step in this lab is to take the ticker timer, the ticker tape, and the object being tested and put these objects nearby. When cutting the ticker tape, make sure to cut a long enough piece so that it will touch the ground when at the height it will be dropped at. Put the ticker tape into the timer, making sure there is carbon paper on the timer to make the marks. Then tape the object to the ticker tape and make sure it is secured. Once these steps have been completed, drop the object. (Note: There should be two objects in this lab; a heavy and a heavier. On lab partner should drop one and the other lab partner should drop the other one.
After, compare result. ) As soon as the first step of the lab has been completed, take the tape and start marking the dots one every other dot until all the dots have been accounted for. The intervals are 1 / 30 of a second, so every marking will be 1 / 60 of a second apart. Stop marking the dots as soon as they start getting closer together (this is where the object After all the dots needed have been accounted for, measure the interval distance in-between the markings. Put this data on a chart to keep these points in an organized fashion. This chart should also include the velocity which can be found by using the v = d / t equation given in the preceding information.
To find the velocity, take the interval distance for the separate intervals and divide that by. 033 s (the time interval). This data chart will have four columns. The first will be the interval number column, the second will be for the interval distance (cm), the third for elapsed distance (cm), and the last will be for the interval velocity (cm / s /s). Once the data chart is completed a graph of position vs.
time and of velocity vs. time can be formulated. the position vs. time graph can be produced by using the information in the elapsed distance from the chart.
The velocity vs. time graph can be produced by taking the information from the interval velocity column of the chart. After the graphs have been made, it is necessary to find the slope of the velocity vs. time graph in order to find if the acceleration due to gravity is correct. The possible outcomes of this lab are to have the two differently sized objects fall within a close range to each other or exactly at the same time.
Another outcome is for the objects to have different accelerations due to human and mechanical error. Distance and Velocity Chart for the Heavier Object INTERVAL NUMBER INTERVAL DISTANCE (cm) ELAPSED DISTANCE (cm) INTERVAL VELOCITY (cm / s /s) 1 5. 7 5. 7 172. 7 2 5. 7 11. 4 172. 7 3 7 18. 4 212. 1 4 8. 1 26. 5 245. 5 5 9. 7 36. 2 293. 9 6 10. 3 46. 5 312. 1 7 11 57. 5 333. 3 8 12. 9 70. 4 390. 9 9 13. 4 83. 8 406. 1 10 14. 4 98. 2 436. 4 11 15. 3 113. 5 463. 6 12 16. 5 130 500 1) v = d / t 5. 7 cm/. 033 s / s = 172. 7 cm / s /s 2) 5. 7 cm/. 033 s / s = 172. 7 cm / s /s 3) 7 cm/. 033 s / s = 212. 1 cm / s /s 4) 8. 1 cm/. 033 s / s = 245. 5 cm / s /s 5) 9. 7 cm/. 033 s / s = 293. 9 cm / s /s Finding the slope of the velocity vs. time graph: 500 cm- 172. 7 cm = 327. 3 cm 12 / 30 s- 1 / 30 s = 11 / 30 s 327. 3 cm/ 1 / 30 s = With the lighter object, the results came to 9. 77011 m / s /s. In the graphs and calculations, the information stated helped in the mathematical and in the visual sense of the lab. These data tools let the facts be seen instead of just words on the paper. In this lab every result was accounted for on charts and graphs to show that these numbers did not come from no where.
From these tools it can be seen what the slope is on a graph without having to believe those facts due to the fact that they are just on a piece of paper. In the calculations, it was stated that the slope of the velocity vs. time graph was 9. 77011 m / s /s for the heavy object and 10. 91 m / s /s for the heavier object. These calculations are off from Galileo's theory by. 02989 m / s /s and 1. 11 m / s /s respectively.
In this lab the purpose was to find if Galileo's theory is correct and in this case, it is hard to say. The data shown in gives an incorrect proportion with the theory that gravity pulls at 9. 8 m / s /s. This result did not happen as both the results were off, one more than the other. The lighter object was very close to this theory while the heavier In this lab, there were many errors possible to occur. An error in the mechanical sense was the ticker timer clicking at exactly 1 / 30 of a second. If it wasnt the results of this lab could be changed greatly.
Another error could be the wind factor. Although not a big factor since this lab was preformed in a controlled environment, this factor is still present. Human error played a huge factor in this lab. Due to human error, the entire results could be false.
One error could be the error of measuring. This error could effect the entire lab due to the fact that it is not exact. When measuring the intervals, the dots could not be lined up exactly and the second dot could land in-between the centimeter lines. Another human error is the height at which the object was dropped. One of the objects could have been dropped a little higher or a little lower that the other which will make the acceleration inaccurate. Bibliography:
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