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Sense Data Space Time
1,315 wordsOne night I saw a TV program, Einstein's Universe. I turned it on because it was narrated by Peter Ustinov, whom I admire, even though I'm tired of Einstein's universe. The program was well done. A great effort was made to make a clear and convincing dramatization of the universe according to Einstein; just enough mystique to sugar the dull sterility of science. What bothered me most was the subservient role of Peter Ustinov playing an average man who didn't know science, feeling privileged to b...
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Mount Wilson Emphasis Added
2,644 wordsVol. 83, No. 6 December 1989 Whole No. 621 The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution, Pasadena, California, U. S. A. Hubble's role. This year marks the centennial of the birth of Edwin Hubble. There can be no doubt that future historians, writing about the scientific advances of this age will describe the 20 th century as epoch-changing in giving us the first correct view of how the universe is organized. The principal cosmological problem of discovering the large scale content of the univer...
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Mount Wilson Billion Years
2,655 words... air theme from then on. Hubble's interest in what Gauss and Karl Schwarzschild called experimental geometry can be traced to his collaboration with Tolman that must have begun in 1934. Their joint paper (Hubble and Tolman 1935), sets out how galaxy counts, conceptually, could be used to find the curvature of space by direct measurement. The principle is to determine if the volume encompassed within various "distances", appropriately defined, increases at the rate of r[ 3 ], or more rapidly o...
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The Eye And Laser Surgery
1,567 wordsA Functioning Eye (Emmetropia) The eye is the organ of sight. It is used in almost everything we do, from playing sport to reading. A normal and well functioning eye can focus objects and images, both near and far, perceive depth and adapt to changes in light. The perception of depth is due to having two separate eyes creating two separate images, while the ability to adapt to light change is attributed to the iris and the dilator muscles. However these two aspects of the eye are not involved in...
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The Eye And Laser Surgery
1,557 words... pascal pulse of 250 is very long compared to other lasers. The discharge is build up in three phases: 1) X-ray pre-ionisation provides a homogeneous distribution of electrons in the discharge area. 2) A high voltage pre-pulse with a very fast rise time multiplies these electrons in an avalanche process, providing a homogeneous ignition of the discharge. Finally the main pulse gives the high current at moderate voltage to create the laser output. The energy per pulse is 1 Joule. With a repeti...
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Dimensional Space Straight Line
1,540 words... stability is most intriguing: that the Tree of Reality is a multidimensional fractal. Fractals (to make a long story short) arise from unbounded convoluted lower-dimensional curves filling a higher-dimensional space. The fractals we are familiar with are formed using lines (sometimes these are contour lines defining the properties of certain regions when a function is applied to them), which are 1 D objects, but partially fill a sheet of paper, which is a 2 D space. The 3 D volumes of the Ma...
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Big Bang Theory 20 Th Century
3,306 wordsAlbert Einsteins theory Relativity Relativity Albert Einsteins theory of relativity has caused major revolutions in physics and astronomy during the 20 th century. It introduced to science the concept of relativity the notion that there is no absolute motion in the universe, only relative motion thus superseding the 200 -year-old theory of mechanics of Isaac Newton. Einstein showed that we reside not in the flat, Euclidean space and uniform, absolute time of everyday experience, but in another e...
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