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12 Th Century Flying Buttresses
2,259 words... rd, thus collapsing them. A building's vertical supporting walls thus had to be made extremely thick and heavy in order to contain the barrels vaults outward thrust. Medieval masons solved this difficult problem about 1120 with a number of brilliant innovations First and foremost they developed a ribbed vault, in which arching and intersecting stone ribs support a vaulted ceiling surface that is composed of mere thin stone panels. This greatly reduced the weight (and thus the outward thrust)...
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Cambridge Cambridge University Curtain Wall
1,702 words... aladin and Baybars yet still many castles either didn't fall or took an entire season of campaigning to capture. The general idea to effectively siege a castle was to starve or blockade it until surrender was the only option, but these castles were designed to hold enough food. Kerry when besieged by Saladin held enough food but not enough arms, a strange turn of events in the medieval ages. Margat on the other hand had supplies enough for a five-year siege. In 1269 after the garrison of Gas...
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God Or Goddess 8 Th Century
1,619 wordsGreek architecture begins with the simple houses of the Dark Age and culminates in the monumental temples of the Classical period and the elaborately planned cities and sanctuaries of the Hellenistic period. As in any time or place, the raw materials available and the technologies developed to utilize them largely determined the nature of the architecture. The principal materials of Greek architecture were wood, used for supports and roof beams; unbaked brick, used for walls, especially of priva...
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Earthquake Loads Resistant Design Of Buildings
2,121 words... on from each mode using an appropriate modal combination technique. 11) Scale the elastic deformation obtained from the analysis to allow for post-elastic deformations and check that the overall deformation of the structure and that the inter-storey drift limits are within acceptable limits. (Note: The overall building deformation checks usually control boundary edge clearance requirements to avert blocks pounding each other. The inter-storey drift limits control the onset of non-structural ...
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Ice Cream Competitive Advantage
2,757 wordsUnielever Company As the companies are constantly looking for growth, they seek for directions in which they can expand. Combination of market and product development can result in increases profitability for the company. The better business components are chosen, the more income company has. The composition of the corporation as well as business components depend on the size of activities in each market area covered. There are corporations that are equally active in all chosen directions, where...
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Middle Ages Great Hall
1,073 wordsCastles In The Middle Ages In 1494 the armies of the French king, Charles VIII, invaded Italy to capture the kingdom of Naples. They swept through the country and bombarded and destroyed many castles. This invasion signaled the end of the castle as a stronghold of defense. For centuries it had been the dominant protection in Western Europe for the defense of kings, nobility, and townspeople. Ancient cities were often walled to keep out invaders, and within the walls there was usually a citadel, ...
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William The Conqueror Tower Of London
3,566 wordsCastles of the Conquest William the Conqueror knew that the castle was going to play a vital role in his task of subjugating England in the year 1066. This conquest was no doubt a large gamble for the duke of Normandy due to the fact that it entailed a relatively unknown countryside, a fierce and brave people defending the island, and in the event of a loss a reputation of a poor war leader and consequently seen as a failure as leader of Normandy. The gamble paid off even though the Anglo Saxons...
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Thousand Years Ago World War Ii
3,766 wordsConservation And Preservation Of The Pompeiian Architecture Conservation And Preservation Of The Pompeiian Architecture The ancient Roman city of Pompeii was buried by a volcano in 79 AD. That should be enough to destroy any town, but the citys buildings were in fact protected by this coating of ash, and although it would never be inhabited again, it now bears witness to an incredible period of history. For thousands of years, the city lay virtually undisturbed, and protected from the elements a...
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San Andreas Fault Surface Of The Earth
2,516 wordsBenjamin Earthquake Earthquake Design Benjamin Mall Geology is the study of the earths landmasses. The earth is constantly changing. These changes are to slow for one person to see in his or her lifetime. Forces cause different things to happen on the surface of the earth. Such as mountains growing and eroding. The earth is broken down into layers lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The lithosphere is the dense, solid layer that surrounds they earth. Which we call the ground. Scientists be...
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Men And Women Enemy Soldiers
5,151 wordsThe Fall of Constantinople, 1453 When, at the age of twenty-one, Mehmed II (1451 - 1481) sat on the throne of the Ottoman Sultans his first thoughts turned to Constantinople. The capital was all that was left from the mighty Christian Roman Empire and its presence, in the midst of the dominions of the powerful new rulers of the lands of Romania, was pregnant with danger. The new Sultan demonstrated diplomatic abilities, during his early attempts to isolate politically the Byzantine capital, when...
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Walls Walls Physical Walls People
726 wordsWalls are Figurative Walls Walls Walls are a part of everyday experience. Weve lived within metaphorical, abstract, real and imagined walls from birth. Most of us were delivered in a hospital, and even from that moment, we were contained within the walls of protection that the doctors and our new parents gave us. Where else do walls incorporate more of who we are as individuals and as a society? Our nations are founded upon one and perhaps many different economic and political foundations. Some ...
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Ishtar Measure Uruk Great Ancient Staircase Walls
999 wordsBricks and Mortar And so they traveled until they reached Uruk. There Gilgamesh the king said to the boatman: Study the brickwork, study the fortification; climb the great ancient staircase to the terrace; study how it is made; from the terrace see the planted and fallow fields, the ponds and orchards. One league is the inner city, another league is orchards; still another the fields beyond; over there is the precinct of the temple. Three leagues and the temple precinct of Ishtar measure Uruk, t...
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Shih Huang Ti Ming Dynasty
2,969 wordsWorld Civilization II April 17, 1998 The Great Wall of China To the northwest and north of Beijing, a huge, serrated wall zigzags its way to the east and west along the undulating mountains. This is the Great Wall, which is said to be visible from the moon. This massive wall has not only been one of the Ancient Seven Wonders of the World, but it has also been inspiration for many artists, and writers. The building of the Great Wall is one of the biggest tragedy? s, but through this tragedy arose...
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Reinforced Concrete Strike Slip
10,086 wordsThe January 17, 1995 Kobe Earthquake An EQE Summary Report, April 1995 Executive Summary exec summ / ex 1 - 600. gifexecsumm / ex 1 - 600. gif On the first anniversary of the moment magnitude (MW) 6. 7 1994 Northridge Earthquake, Kobe, Japan was struck by an MW 6. 9 earthquake. Both earthquakes struck in the pre-dawn hours, both ruptured beneath densely populated areas, and both caused horrible damage. Yet in Kobe there were many more deaths, financial losses dwarfed those in Northridge, and the...
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Red Blood Cells Pulmonary Artery
6,589 wordsForwards and backwards to the right and are at the same level of the fifth to eight dorsal vertebrae. The apex of the heart points downwards and forwards to the left and corresponds to the space between the fifth and sixth ribs. However, in thin people, the hearts apex may be pointing more downwards than to the left. Its atrial border corresponds to a line drawn across the sternum on a level with the upper border of the third costal cartilage. Its apex corresponds to a line drawn across the lowe...
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