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Laetrile Is An Effective Treatment For Cancer
982 wordsLaetrile Is An Effective Treatment For Cancer Many people in the world today suffer from various forms of cancer. Some types are carcinoma, leukemia, sarcoma, lymphoma, and melanoma. One out of three of us will develop cancer in our lifetime. That is eighty-eight million people in the United States alone. And according to the American Cancer Society, 1. 3 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed in 1996 and more than 555, 000 died from it. One out of eight women will develop breast cancer. Eve...
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Genetic Engineering In Medicine
888 wordsGenetic engineering and gene therapy are an essential part in today's medicine. They have led to the discovery of many new treatments for "untreatable" diseases. They have provided cost efficient solutions that require much less procedure and can be permanent rather than temporary. The solutions are also more effective then before and through the use of transgenic plants and animals, can be easily produced. Gene knowledge has sparked interest and continues to supply discoveries of new applicatio...
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Gel Electrophoresis Restriction Enzymes
554 wordsDNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid, is a double stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule which determines inherited structure of a protein. The steps are made of bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The sides are sugar and phosphate molecules. Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut DNA at restriction sites, leaving fragments blunt or sticky. The restriction fragments are separated using a technique called DNA has a negative charge so when an electrical charge is applied it makes DNA move to ...
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Late 19 Th Century Law Of Nature
1,664 wordsWhy is AIDS so difficult to cure? How does the AIDS virus attack the body? In 1979, the first reported AIDS case occurred in New York, and by mid-June 1981, unusual immune system failure among gay men was surfacing in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) initially name the disease GRID, or gay-related immune deficiency, because it was prominently found among homosexuals. It appeared to be a lifestyle-associated illness, linked to excessive stress to the immune system. Researc...
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Genetically Identical Ethical Questions
583 wordsCloning is producing a genetically identical organism to its parent. Since 1997, there have been many examples of cloning. Two examples are of Dolly the sheep and Tetra the monkey. These two clones are examples of different techniques used for cloning. And because of the previous two examples of cloning many ethical questions have been raised. In 1997, Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut and his workers produced a sheep named Dolly. What was so great about Dolly? Dolly was a clone. She was made from a...
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Viral Dna Infectious Disease
817 wordsPolio is an infectious disease that has haunted the lives of many for over 3, 000 years. The first record of Poliomyelitis in the human body dates back to ancient Egypt where inhabitants of the area engraved a documented version of paralytic Poliomyelitis into stone. When indoor plumbing came into use, in the 20 th century, and sewage systems began to develop into complicated public works where waste was dumped into towns' water supplies; that is when Poliomyelitis began to spread. The disease c...
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Fatty Acids Nerve Fibers
496 wordsThe full name of ALD is Adrenoleukodystrophy. It is a rare X chromosome sex linked metabolic disorder that is characterized by the loss of myelin on nerve fibers within the brain. Myelin is the fatty covering on the nerve fibers. The disease causes the continued degeneration of the adrenal gland. The basic defect is that the impaired capacity to degrade very long chain fatty acids that are found in the blood plasma and tissues of the body. These fatty acids accumulate in the cerebral white matte...
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Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen Ions
1,424 wordsPhotosynthesis is the process by which organisms that contain the pigment chlorophyll convert light energy into chemical energy which can be stored in the molecular bonds of organic molecules. Photosynthesis powers almost all trophic chains and food webs on the Earth. The net process of photosynthesis is described by the following equation: 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Light Energy = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 This equation simply means that carbon dioxide from the air and water combine in the presence of sunli...
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Hydrogen Peroxide Degrees Celsius
539 wordsCatalase Which Is Found In The Liver' Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts. They speed up the chemical reactions which go on inside living things. Without them the reactions would be so slow that life would grind to a halt. Enzymes work by when a substrate molecule bumps into a molecule of the right enzyme, it fits into a depression on the surface of the enzyme molecule. This depression is called the active site. The reaction then takes place and the molecules of product leave the acti...
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N P Active Site
952 wordsGlycolysis Reaction 1 Glucose -> Glucose 6 -phosphate (G- 6 -P) The first stage of glycolysis starts from reaction of phosphorylation. Phosphorylation is catalyzed by hexokinase. It is an endothermic ATP dependent reaction and requires energy from ATP. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. In such a way, glucose receives phosphate and energy. To sum up, the reaction is as follows: glucose + ATP a glucose- 6 -phosphate + ADP Reaction 2: Glucose 6 -phosphate (G- 6 -P) -> F- 6 -P (Fructose 6 -pho...
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Genetically Modified Crops Genetically Modified Organisms
1,729 wordsGenetics An Essential Part Of Our Diet More genetically modified crops are appearing on the farms of the United States everyday, even though consumers may not know it. However, the good news is that these crops are planted because of their benefits to people. For example, according to the American Medical Association (AMA), More than 40 transgenic crop varieties have been cleared through the federal review process with enhanced agronomic and / or nutritional characteristics or one or more featur...
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Control Of Blood Glucose Levels
1,253 wordsControl of Blood Glucose Levels Homeostasis is the mechanism for keeping your internal conditions constant. Homeostatic control of blood glucose can be made using insulin. It decreases blood sugar concentration making it about 80 - 120 mg of glucose per 100 ml of blood during fasting Insulin is the only hormone that decreases blood sugar level. The presence of insulin causes a cells membrane to be more permeable to glucose; this causes blood sugar level to drop in the blood. Homeostatic control ...
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People With Cf People In The United States
357 wordsCystic fibrosis is the most frequent lethal, genetic disease of childhood. Commonly called CF, this disease is caused by an inherited genetic defect. About one in 23 people in the United States carry atleast one defective gene, which makes it the most common genetic defect of it s severity in the United States. It is not a contagious disease and there is no risk of catching it. Of children born with CF, 95 % appear to be normal and healthy at birth. The disease is then signaled by a failure to g...
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Base Pairs Double Helix
610 wordsThe molecule responsible for the transformation of characteristics form one generation to the next is called DNA. The genetic material, located in the chromosomes is a combination of acid and histones. DNA is made up of units called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of 3 components, a five carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. This base can be either adenine, guanine, thymine or cytosine. There are 2 strands of nucleotides in a double-helix they are anti-paral...
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Thin Layer Gas Chromatography
547 wordsDRUG TESTING Drug tests are a chemical analysis used to detect the presence of drugs in a small sample of urine or sometimes in blood. There are six types of drug testing: Pre-employment, Random, For-cause, Periodically Announced, Post-accident, and Rehabilitation. Pre-employment is testing that is done in a work place after you begin working and they only get to keep working if they pass the drug test. Random drug testing is testing without the person knowing on an advanced notice. For-cause te...
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Optimum Temperature Test Tube
810 wordsAim: In this investigation I am trying to find out how the temperature of water affects the reaction rate between amylase and starch. The thing that I am going change are the temperature of water, which are 10. C, 20. C, 30. C, 40. C, 50. C. The things I will measure are the colour of the mixture in the present of iodine each minute until it stays a constant brown. I researched this information in a previous lesson in which we did the experiment at one temperature and timing the amount of amylas...
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Blood Pressure One Hundred
566 wordsIn vertebrates, kidneys Kidneys Kidneys In vertebrates, kidneys are the two major organs of excretion. Excess water, toxic waste products of metabolism such as urea, uric acid, and inorganic salts are disposed of by kidneys in the form of urine. Kidneys are also largely responsible for maintaining the water balance of the body and the pH of the blood. Kidneys play important roles in other bodily functions, such as releasing the erythropoietin protein, and helping to control blood pressure. Kidne...
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Flu Virus Percent Effective
812 wordsFor 3 decades, scientists have been experimenting with medications that stifle the influenza virus. Two drugs, amantadine and rimantadine, can impede the disease and limit symptoms. However, neither works against one of the two major strains of influenza, and both can be eluded by the evolving virus. In addition, amantadine causes some disagreeable side effects, including confusion and nightmares. A new antiviral zanamivir seems to ease or eliminate many symptoms of either flu strain if taken wi...
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Amino Acids Dna Molecule
245 wordsProtein Synthesis Protein synthesis is the process by which genetic information from the DNA stored in the nucleus is transferred to the ribosomes where it is used to arrange amino acids into proteins. The DNA molecule in the nucleus is unzipped by an enzyme called polymerase. From one of these single strands of a DNA molecule, a mRNA molecule is built. This is accomplished by an enzyme which travels along a portion of DNA between two exons and attaches the opposing base pairs to the backbone of...
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Made Of Proteins Binds To The Small Rna
647 wordsProteins are some of the most essential compounds on the planet. They perform a variety of tasks ranging from muscle contraction to fighting diseases. Over 50 % of the dry weight of organisms are made of proteins; this is because things like your nails and hair are made of proteins. Proteins are also components of biological membranes, and they help regulate the passage of molecules through the membranes. This is all very important to the body, but the most important function, by far, is their u...
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