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Example research essay topic: Roaring Twenties Versailles Treaty - 1,765 words

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The decade of the 1920 s has been given a lot of nicknames. Some of these names have been the Jazz Age and the Era of Isolationism. Perhaps the most accurate name for this decade was the Roaring Twenties. And that is exactly what the decade of the 1920 s was all about.

It was a time characterized on one side by a search for safety, religious certainty, business capitalism, and patriotic commitment. On the other side was the increasing appeal of the modern: new technology, consumer goods, and new types of entertainment. The clash of these ideals led to a complexity of creativity and advances in science and technology along with changes in work habits, family responsibilities, and new attitudes about capitalism. After the Great War ended in 1918 with the Versailles Treaty, the United States entered a jolting economic decline. Industrial output was cut and consumer spending dropped. Unemployment rose and farm incomes plunged.

The Roaring Twenties began with a lot of roaring; the roaring cries heard from the lower classes. Aided by the increase in electrical energy, a recover soon began, and the economy was about to go into uncharted waters. Big business's would benefit with all the new forms of electrical productivity. Consumers, with increased incomes, would buy more and save more than in any period in American history. The American way of making a living was changing with every new idea and invention the 1920 s produced. Laws that limited the workday, along with increased pay, led to more leisure time.

The entertainment industry was born as a result of this. Millions of Americans took to movie theaters and dance halls to enjoy the new styles of entertainment. Changing social values allowed women to dress more comfortably, thus boosting the textile industry to adjust to the changing times. It was almost like America had a fresh breath of air.

A chance to change anything that was viewed as old and out of style, and America was taking the ball and running with it. Among the new ideas that came with the new decade and the end of the Great War was a return to isolationism and an increased nationalistic feeling. Communism was forcibly taking a hold of Eastern Europe and its population. Americans, aware of all the positive changes happening in their capitalistic markets, were experiencing what was later termed a Red Scare, or a fear of communism entering America. Along with the regret of entering the Great War, a growing sense of mistrust for anything foreign was sweeping across the nation. America began to shut down its borders a little bit at a time.

Perhaps the one single thing that characterized the decade of the 1920 s more than anything else was Prohibition, or the Constitutional Amendment making it illegal to buy or produce alcohol. The number of bootleggers and accounts of organized crime exploded during this decade. Crime bosses and Speakeasys made millions of dollars and the Government spent just as much trying to stop bootlegging alcohol. A phrase created that characterized this period of Prohibition was that Prohibition made criminals common, and common men criminals. The 1920 s were a period of growth. Growth in technology, individualism, economic expansion, entertainment, and new ideas.

America was becoming the world's leading power. The decade was roaring along. And the year 1925 was right in the middle of everything. By taking a closer look at 1925, and more specifically the first week in December, one can get a sense of a country that would not accept good enough for an answer. They wanted a better way of living and more of their newfound success, and so the march to end the decade with a roar began with 1925. On the morning of December 2, 1925, those rushing to buy an issue of the New York Times would have seen in bold print that seven European nations, including Great Britain and Germany, signed the Locarno Treaty the day before.

This Locarno Treaty and its collateral pacts guarantee peace in Europe and a submission to arbitration for any disputes that may arise between those signing regarding their frontiers in the future. 1 This treaty was reported to have been rather simple compared to the signing of the Versailles Treaty six years earlier. Germany was even reported to have come on their own free will. Although the Locarno Treaty did not have all the glamour and magnificence surrounding it as previous treaties, the effects of this treaty reportedly eased growing tensions in Europe over post-war boundaries. Other international news shaking the world that week was that the noted writer, Rudyard Kipling, had taken ill to double pneumonia. He was reported to have taken ill after being stranded in a secluded cabin north of the village of Burwash, in Sussex, for three days following a rain / snow storm. The sickness was not feared to take his life, but it still managed to make headlines in both the New York Times and The Fargo Forum for the whole week, as his condition was updated to the public daily.

Making national headlines in the news this week was the coal mining industry. In Boulder, Colorado on December 1, coal miners were reported to have been entrapped in a coalmine by a fire. Officials of the Fairview Mining Company announced that the fire that had entrapped 25 miners in the companys coal mine had been extinguished, and that only one life was lost. 2 This incident in Colorado, along with other stories of poor working conditions in America, gave workers across the nation fuel to fight for better working conditions with higher pay for the rest of the decade. The 1920 s was a definitely a period of economic growth for a country.

At the front of this growth was the Stock Market. To fuel the growth in the Stock Market, a new trend was taking hold of the country: buying on credit. A record amount of buying on credit was reported in 1925. As of December 1, $ 20, 000, 000 worth of stock was purchased on credit. New homes and cars were being purchased on credit. Jobs were then created and everyone was happy.

The carefree attitude of the 1920 s made Americans believe that the economy would always be this good. The economy was roaring along on the belief the Stock Market would never fail. Locally, Ottertail Power Company was issued one million dollars in preferred stock by the state railroad board. 3 From coast to coast, buying on credit was a quick and easy way to appear to live a life of glamour. Local news reported this week coming from the Fargo/Moorhead area was that the U.

S. Senate was getting set to oppose the appointment of North Dakota Senator Gerald Nye by Governor his state, Author Sorlie. The Senates ground for disproval came from the idea that a Senator is not a state officer, so the Governor Sorlie could not appoint him. A trial was set for the next week in Washington D.

C. Farmers in the region have also been feeling the effects of a strong economy. Farmers returning to Fargo on the Northern Pacific Special are convinced North Dakota is the ideal place to raise livestock. 4 After talking with farmers from around the country at a meeting in Chicago, it was reported by those who attended that North Dakota has been more prosperous at raising livestock than any other state. Also, the region produced a record number of turkeys this year.

It was listed that $ 5, 250, 000 worth of birds were produced this year. When Historians look at the 1920 s, one aspect usually sticks out more than other part of the decade. That was the Governments experiment with Prohibition. Prohibition lasted from 1920 to 1933, and created a fortune for bootleggers. It also cost a fortune to the Government in trying to contain it. For bootleggers and crime bosses, 1925 was a successful year.

In Chicago, the legendary Al Capone was beginning his rise to becoming Public Enemy # 1. When Capone's boss, John Torrio was shot by rival gang members and consequently decided to leave Chicago, Capone inherited the "outfit" and became boss. The outfit's men liked, trusted, and obeyed Capone, calling him "The Big Fellow. " He quickly proved that he was even better at organization than Torrio, syndicating and expanding the city's vice industry between 1925 and 1930. Capone controlled speakeasies, bookie joints, gambling houses, brothels, horse and race tracks, nightclubs, distilleries and breweries at a reported income of $ 100, 000, 000 a year.

He even acquired a sizable interest in the largest cleaning and dyeing plant chain in Chicago. Prohibition was not only limited to large operations run by crime bosses in the big cities. Off the coast of New York on December 3, 1925, Federal Prohibition Agents believed that they had uncovered the largest ring of rum smugglers on the Atlantic coast. Nineteen men were arrested, including six Coastguard members. 5 The head of the ring, William Dwyer, claimed that he had bribed the Coastguard with money and fine women so that they would overlook his fleet of eighteen vessels that were bringing in an estimated $ 2, 000, 000 worth of rum annually.

The members of Dwyers ring faced federal penalties, while at the time; the Coastguard members were only faced with a possible court martial. Locally, bootlegging violations were regular news headlines as well. On December 1, Mrs. Charles Schumacher, Moorhead, was caught transporting illegal alcohol for sale in her vehicle. Being this was her third offense, she faced up to 90 days in jail and a possible fine of up to $ 300. A raid of her house after the arrest produced more alcohol, believed to have been gin and whiskey.

The alcohol was conveniently hid under the floor of the kitchen sink. That same day, Adolph Little of Rock Lake, North Dakota, was turned over the U. S. District Court in Fargo on charges of illegally bringing intoxicating liquor into the United States from Canada. Bond in his trial was set at $ 2, 500.

Bootleggers and crime bosses taking advantage of Americas need for alcohol darkened the times of the 1920 s. Common men and women were made into criminals, many times in their own homes. It was a wild time for the American public. The Government was serious about bringing law-breakers to justice.

Bootleggers, as the times progressed, found loopholes around the law. Bribes to those enforcing the law became more common. If...


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Research essay sample on Roaring Twenties Versailles Treaty

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