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Example research essay topic: Men And Women Labour Force - 2,394 words

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Legal Studies Essay Women s Rights Is it true that men and women are extremely competitive with occupations and men feel superior to women? If this is true, then how do women and men share the world together without war between each other? I believe that for both sides to prevent this from occurring, they ignore many of the differences. Many women choose not to see the statistics or they do not care and accept that men are more successful than women are. The story Tales Out of Medical School, written by Adriana Fugh-Berman, which is an account about a woman that chose not to ignore the differences that faced her, shows another side to the superficial harmony. Fugh-Berman faces sexism and discrimination at Georgetown Medical School where women are the minority.

She sees the various examples of sexism from her anatomy instructors to the Academic Deans. There were classes that were only offered to men, and when she tried to change that the whole course was put on hold. This of course caused extreme tension between the men and the women of this class. Just because you cant take this course, why do you want to ruin it for the rest of us?

was one of the comments made by one of her male classmates. Subconsciously this man does not want this woman to succeed. Her classmates that are women and are not bothered by the sexism also shock her. In reference to this a classmate stated, Oh, theyre just of the old school. (Referring to the doctors that ignored the women students) This account shows the sad truth that some women are happy to accept sexism and discrimination. For the women that do not, there is a long struggle ahead.

Many do not make it to the end, or they tire of the pressures put upon them. For example, Shannon Faulkner who wished to become the first woman in the Citadel was mocked, ridiculed and harassed until she withdrew. And why wouldnt the men of the Citadel want to see a fellow human being where they take so much pride? The fact that she is a she and they do not like that a woman would be on the same level.

Hilary Clinton is yet another example of a woman put down for being in control. The tabloids and newspapers tore Hilary apart for trying to take over the Presidents job. Why would it bother them that she may have been helping out the economy? Once gain, the president is a man, and there is no need for a woman to help. Even in my personal everyday experiences sexism is everywhere. And sadly enough, it is accepted everywhere.

In recreational books women play passive roles, in movies and even TV sitcoms. For example in the sitcom Dharma and Greg, which is about a young married couple, the man is a successful lawyer from a wealthy family, while Dharma is a cute little blonde that cracks jokes. My own boyfriend will make wise cracks of how after he goes to medical school and becomes a successful doctor he will provide for me, and I wont have to do anything. Talking with some friends in the Wharton school of business, I see more sexism than I thought existed in the nineties. 78 % of the Wharton undergraduates are men and they believe this is so because the business world doesnt need women. In my generation, there arise the same sexist beliefs held centuries ago. It is scary to believe that men do not want women to succeed.

It is scarier to believe that women accept this as reasonable. Women in the labour force The past decades there has been a dramatic increase of women participating in the labour force from countries all over the world including Australia. In 1950, one Australian worker in five was a woman. By 1980 this percentage had doubled, and women are expected to make up more than 44 percent of the labour force by the end of this century. The increase in female participation started occurring during the 1970 s. This increase also caused the largest baby boom that the Australian female labour force had ever witnessed.

All over the world, it is common for women to have part-time or summer jobs, and the participation rate of teenage girls is high. It is also mostly high throughout the world in places as Australia because of the fewer women going to school. But in places like France, Italy, and Japan the female participation rate is very low. In most of the countries the labour force is most participated in the age groups between 20 and 24.

The labour force of mature women is very high in Sweden, because of the encouraged day care facilities, which also provides the females with legislation that provides them with excellent benefits. In Japan there is a drop in female economic activity, the reason why is it affects their marriage and the care of their only child. An observation of labour force participation rates in Australia shows that female rates raised a lot between 1971 and 1981, while the male rate rose unnoticeably. The increase in the female participation rate was found in all age groups except in older women.

For women aged 15 to 19 the rate was as almost as high as the men. But the largest increase was in the age group of 25 - 44 years old, where the rate rose almost 50 percent. This meant that the participation rates of the females had become more alike with the men. Family status also influenced the female participation rate but later on during 1981 it had a more little affect than in 1971.

According to statistics just over one quarter of married women with young children were working, but this later changed and grew by 76 percent over the a 10 year period of time. The rate also showed an increase of 47 percent for widowed, divorced, and separated women with children. However single women with young children showed a slight decrease. However the female participation rate is not so much related to family status as today as it was many years ago. During the period of 1971 through 1981 the involvement of married women went through a major change. Fewer women saw marriage as a reason to interrupt their participation in the job force, and couple tended to postpone having children or not having any at all.

While women with young children tended to participate less in the labour market and quit their jobs more frequently than men. Females did the exact opposite of what men did when they had children while working, and in some cases were actually more stable than men without children. This showed that the couple s attitude towards having children influenced a decrease in the female labour force participation rate. In 1981 most women spent an average of 1, 247 hours a year working, compared with 1, 431 hours in 1971, which had dropped about 15 percent. Even men saw their average hours decrease by 13 percent. Not only more women were working, more were working part-time for only part of the year, which meant more women on the unemployment rolls.

In the 1960 s the unemployment rate for females were 3 percent and ten years later increased to 7 percent. Since June 1982 the unemployment rate for men was 11 - 13 percent and the womens just above that rate which could also exceed that of the men near the end of the century. Only about 11 percent of women had part-time jobs because they couldnt find full-time employment or because they wished to spend more time to their education or their families, or for other reasons. Although 24 percent of the women working part-time would have preferred a full-time job if it had been available. According to the Statistics study, in 1970 women were extremely poorly paid which showed a big earnings difference than the men. This started changing in the 1970 s, which raised the females earning to 51. 2 percent of that of a man.

Ten years later it had reached 54. 4 percent. If it weren t for the decrease in annual hours for the females the earnings difference would have been reduced even further. By 1980 the female s earnings had risen to 72 percent of that of a man. The female labour force would be incomplete without equal pay for equal or equivalent work. This issue was the most important issue to women in low-paid jobs. If the principal of equal pay for equal work were fully applied men and women would both receive the same hourly wage, which would raise female earnings dramatically.

The issue of equal pay for equal work most often comes up in discussion to improve the economic status of the women at the bottom of the payroll, many of them who are not in unions. When women first started entering the labour force they were hassled by the males because they were supposed to traditional work in the house and take care of the family. Which was the reason of their low wages to disapprove of women working. These traditions reflected their wages and the positions people were willing to offer to women.

Workingwomen experience problems such as sexual harassment and being fired because of pregnancy. Most of the people want to correct the unequal treatment of women in the work force and make it equal for everyone. Some of the methods, which can be used to support equality, are to introduce a federal legislation to guarantee equal pay for equal work. To also set wages according to the value of the work done by the employer.

Which would be difficult to measure the value of one persons work compared to another persons. We could also offer women better benefits and a better pension when they retire their job. People s attitudes towards women in the work force are slowly starting to change and more opportunities for women are being available for them. The unequal treatment of working women will take years to change and will always stay an important issue. Womens Liberation In early societies, women bore children, cared for the home, and helped maintain the family's economic production. Men hunted, made war, and, in settled societies, assumed primary responsibility for field crop production.

Male dominance, however, was important from the time of the earliest written historical records, probably as a result of mens discovery of their role in development of hunting and warfare as status activities. The belief that women were naturally weaker and inferior to men was also certified by god- cantered religions. In the bible, god placed Eve under Adams authority, and St. Paul urged women to be obedient of their husbands. In Hinduism the reward of a proper woman is rebirth as a man. Therefore, in most traditional societies, women generally were at a disadvantage.

Their education was limited to learning domestic skills, and they had no access to positions of power. Men of the lower classes also lacked rights, but they could console themselves by feeling superior to women. Of deeper significance for women was the Industrial Revolution. The transformation of handicrafts, which women had always carried on at home, without pay, into machine-powered mass production meant that lower-class women could become wage earners in factories. This was the beginning of their independence; although factory conditions were hazardous and their husbands legally controlled their pay, lower than men s. At the same time middle and upper class women were expected to stay at home as idle, decorative symbols of their husbands economic success.

Such conditions encouraged the feminist movement. The objectives of the womens movements included equal pay for equal work, federal support for day-care centres, recognition of lesbian rights, continued legislation of abortion, and the focus of serious attention on the problems of rape, wife and child beating, and discrimination against older and minority women. Domestic Violence The reasons for men being abusive towards their wives are many and varied. However, whilst the experience of family violence may differ according to factors such as socio-economic group, class, culture, race and the age and health of the victim, the Family Violence Professional Education Taskforce (1991) maintains that it has not been demonstrated that these factors play any casual role in the origins of family violence. Instead, the most consistent impression to be gained is that violence in the home is best understood in the context of unequal power relationships between men and women. An example of this lies in data from the Family Violence Professional Education Taskforce, which indicates that there is a high correlation between traditional views of womens economic subordination to men and approval of husbands violence against their wives.

Also, men from many different cultures often enter a relationship with a traditional perspective on the roles of husbands and wives, considering their wives as some sort of possession and therefore believing they have the right to control them. Subsequently, many of these men feel that violence is an acceptable means of enforcing this control. It is important however to consider the fact that such ideas about the role of women may be antiquated in our western culture but may be considered acceptable in others. Thus arises the major issue concerning whether or not it is morally acceptable to impose the ideas and beliefs of western society onto another culture. Also, research shows that men who grew up in violent families are six times more likely to beat their wives than men who did not.

Spouse abuse occurs throughout all aspects of society. However, around two times higher among families where the male partner is unskilled (and is more likely to be unemployed) relative to families where the male partner is skilled or trained in a particular field (and therefore more likely employed). These statistics are unlikely to have improved with an increase in unemployment over the last fifteen years. In conclusion, all families and relationships have their problems, although violence should never be regarded as a solution.

It is no longer tolerated in the workplace, nor is it tolerated in the schoolyard. Why, therefore, should it be tolerated in the home where all should be striving towards building a safe, caring, loving and happy environment?


Free research essays on topics related to: force participation, labour force, family violence, equal pay, men and women

Research essay sample on Men And Women Labour Force

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