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Example research essay topic: Regularly Scheduled Elections Made Publicly Not Secretly - 1,940 words

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The Invisible Racism Racism The Invisible Problems of Racism The problem with racism is that many people dont think it is. Many live their lives not even realizing what is happening the world around them. Racism, here, nah. Others know all about it, but they dont realize that they themselves, yes, themselves, are racists.

Huh, Im not racist. What do you mean? Im more open minded than that. Give me some credit. Then they turn around and discriminate against someone elses human rights. Not racist, yah right.

What is one of the main problems with racism? Its that many people live in racist conditions, without even seeing it. It flies right over their heads. Schools, the workplace, our community, our friends house, even our homes. We hear a racial slur, oh well, its just a joke. Hardly.

If you think racist joke are harmless than you should take a reality check. Racist jokes are just the start of it. Many people think the jokes are funny. Maybe they are, but they still hurt the people the jokes are about.

Some of the worst racists are the ones who think that they are not racist and really are. They really have to come to grips with reality. Why are they some the worst racists? They are, because they cant comprehend what is happening. They dont realize what they are saying and doing are racist.

Until they come to grips with it there is no problem. No problem, in their minds. They say that they arent racist, even when they dont hire the East Indian employee who was the most qualified of the candidates. Even when the basketball team that they coach is all white. And even the time when they moved from their seat at the movie theater because of the black person next to them.

Well, gee, they could have been a criminal. A robber from the hood. After all, isnt that what most of them are. No one deserves to be prejudged like that. The prejudice of people in the world is disgusting. The worst part of it all is that they dont even know that they are doing it.

They think its j! ust no real behavior. It doesnt even phase them when they do it. Then there are those who are completely unaware of racism in the world. They walk down the streets, through the stores and working at their job, completely oblivious. Theyre so blind!

Why cant they see what is happening around them? Have they really lived such sheltered lives? Or do they just not want to believe it is happening? If you take someone and put them in the heart of a racist area, they still wont notice the problems. They will see it with their own eyes, but it wont register in their mind.

If these people dont open their eyes, they will never see what is happening. What is going to happen to the world if people dont start realizing what is happening? Will we be plunged into a time where racial tension is everywhere? Will we soon start having racial wars?

Will racial violence be a normal every day occurrence? I dont know. No one could know. Unless we start taking action and helping people come to grips with the way they are we cant combat racism.

People who dont see that racism is a problem are almost as bad as the racists themselves. Now, dont take that comment in the wrong way, but as long as they are unaware, racism wont stop. I am aware of racism. I am also not a racist myself. I have lived in a racist community for most of my life, thank god I havent turned out like the rest of them. There is hope for everybody.

Hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh hhh Hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh hhh Is the Unites States Political System a Legitimate Democracy? In any system which claims to be democratic, a question of its legitimacy remains. A truly democratic political system has certain characteristics which prove its legitimacy with their existence. One essential characteristic of a legitimate democracy is that it allows people to freely make choices without government intervention. Another necessary characteristic which legitimates government is that every vote must count equally: one vote for every person. For this equality to occur, all people must be subject to the same laws, have equal civil rights, and be allowed to freely express their ideas.

Minority rights are also crucial in a legitimate democracy. No matter how unpopular their views, all people should enjoy the freedoms of speech, press and assembly. Public policy should be made publicly, not secretly, and regularly scheduled elections should be held. Since legitimacy may be defined as the feeling or opinion the people have that government is based upon morally defensible principles and that they should therefore obey it, then there must necessarily be a connection between what the people want and what the government is doing if legitimacy is to occur. The U. S.

government may be considered legitimate in some aspects, and illegitimate in others. Because voting is class-biased, it may not be classified as a completely legitimate process. Although in theory the American system calls for one vote per person, the low rate of turnout results in the upper and middle classes ultimately choosing candidates for the entire nation. Class is determined by income and education, and differing levels of these two factors can help explain why class bias occurs.

For example, because educated people tend to understand politics more, they are more likely to vote. People with high income and education also have more resources, and poor people tend to have low political efficacy (feelings of low self-worth). Turnout, therefore, is low and, since the early 1960 s, has been declining overall. The winner-take-all system in elections may be criticized for being undemocratic because the proportion of people agreeing with a particular candidate on a certain issue may not be adequately represented under this system. For example, a candidate who gets 40 percent of the vote, as long as he gets more votes than any other candidate, can be elected-even though sixty percent of the voters voted against him (Lind, 314). Political parties in America are weak due to the anti-party, anti-organization, and anti-politics cultural prejudices of the Classical Liberals.

Because in the U. S. there is no national discipline to force citizens into identifying with a political party, partisan identification tends to be an informal psychological commitment to a party. This informality allows people to be apathetic if they wish, willingly giving up their input into the political process. Though this apathy is the result of greater freedom in America than in other countries, it ultimately decreases citizens incentive to express their opinions about issues, therefore making democracy less legitimate. Private interests distort public policy making because, when making decisions, politicians must take account of campaign contributors.

An interest may be defined as any involvement in anything that affects the economic, social, or emotional well-being of a person. When interests become organized into groups, then politicians may become biased due to their influences. Special interests buy favors from congressmen and presidents through political action committees (PACs), devices by which groups like corporations, professional associations, trade unions, investment banking groups-can pool their money and give up to $ 10, 000 per election to each House and Senate candidate (Lind, 157). Consequently, those people who do not become organized into interest groups are likely to be underrepresented financially. This leads to further inequality and, therefore, greater illegitimacy in the democratic system. The method in which we elect the President is fairly legitimate.

The electoral college consists of representatives who we elect, who then elect the President. Because this fills the requirement of regularly scheduled elections, it is a legitimate process. The President is extremely powerful in foreign policy making; so powerful that scholars now speak of the Imperial Presidency, implying that the President runs foreign policy as an emperor. The President is the chief diplomat, negotiator of treaties, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

There has been a steady growth of the Presidents power since World War II. This abundance of foreign Presidential power may cause one to believe that our democratic system is not legitimate. However, Presidential power in domestic affairs is limited. Therefore, though the President is very powerful in certain areas, the term Imperial Presidency is not applicable in all areas. The election process of Congress is legitimate because Senators and Representatives are elected directly by the people. Power in Congress is usually determined by the seniority system.

In the majority party (the party which controls Congress), the person who has served the longest has the most power. The problem with the seniority system is that power is not based on elections or on who is most qualified to be in a position of authority. Congress is also paradoxical because, while it is good at serving particular individual interests, it is bad at serving the general interest (due to its fragmented structure of committees and sub-committees). The manner in which Supreme Court Justices are elected is not democratic because they are appointed by the President for lifelong terms, rather than in regularly scheduled elections. There is a non-political myth that the only thing that Judges do is apply rules neutrally. In actuality, they interpret laws and the Constitution using their power of judicial review, the power explicitly given to them in Marbury v.

Madison. Though it has been termed the imperial judiciary by some, the courts are the weakest branch of government because they depend upon the compliance of the other branches for enforcement of the laws. The bureaucracy is not democratic for many reasons. The key features of a bureaucracy are that they are large, specialized, run by official and fixed rules, relatively free from outside control, run on a hierarchy, and they must keep written records of everything they do. Bureaucracies focus on rules, but their members are unhappy when the rules are exposed to the public. Bureaucracies violate the requirement of a legitimate democracy that public policy must be made publicly, not secretly.

To be hired in a bureaucracy, a person must take a civil service exam. People working in bureaucracies may also only be fired under extreme circumstances. This usually leads to the Peter Principle; that people who are competent at their jobs are promoted until they are in jobs in which they are no longer competent. Policy making may be considered democratic to an extent. The public tends to get its way about 60 % of the time. Because one of the key legitimating factors of government is a connection between what it does and what the public wants, policy making can be considered 60 % legitimate.

Furthermore, most of what the federal government does never reaches the public. Public opinion polls represent the small percentage of issues that people have heard about. Though the individual workings of the American government may not be particularly democratic, it must be somewhat legitimate overall because without legitimacy, government fails. However, the people who run for and win public office are not necessarily the most intelligent, best informed, wealthiest, or most successful business or professional people.

At all levels of the political system, it is the most politically ambitious people who are willing to sacrifice time, family and private life, and energy and effort for the power and celebrity that comes with public office (Dye, 58 - 59). The legitimacy of the United States government is limited, but in a system of government which was designed not to work, complete democracy is most likely impossible.


Free research essays on topics related to: income and education, legitimate democracy, elect the president, regularly scheduled elections, made publicly not secretly

Research essay sample on Regularly Scheduled Elections Made Publicly Not Secretly

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