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Overview In the past two decades, Quantum Corp. of Milpitas, California, has become one of the leaders in the design, manufacturing, and marketing of digital storage products including hard disk drives and digital tapes. By following its own path and making decisions criticized by the rest of the industry, Quantum has managed, not only to survive in an industry that has destroyed lesser companies, but to thrive and be recognized as one of the industry's quality leaders. Quantum Corporation was founded in 1980 as a manufacturer of 8 -inch disk drives. Not long after its establishment, it moved into also manufacturing 5? -inch drives. Its business was to provide OEM (original equipment manufacturers) like Apple and IBM with the drives they needed to produce their computers.
By 1987, sales of 5? -inch and 8 -inch disks were falling and Quantum was losing business to competitors who were able to get new products to market faster and in greater quantity. Although the Hard Card, an add-on disk drive being produced by the Japanese company Matsushita-Kotobuki Electronics Industries, Ltd. (MKE) for Quantum, was doing well, Quantum needed to move into the 3? - inch disk drive market or lose its customers to the competition. Because of Quantum's successful relationship with MKE and its own lack of resources to start up or rework a manufacturing facility for the new smaller drives, Quantum entered into an agreement with MKE which would allow Quantum to focus on design and marketing while MKE produced the disk drives. This wasnt a very popular move with some other American manufacturing firms.
Quantum was accused of selling out to the Japanese and providing them with valuable technological information. Many thought Quantum was signing its own death warrant by giving up control of its manufacturing. Some industry insiders felt Quantum should have followed the lead of other disk drive manufacturers, like Seagate, and opened its own manufacturing plants in the Far East rather than give up control of its manufacturing to the Japanese. At first it appeared that some of these criticisms might be accurate.
Quantum was late getting into the market and then couldnt meet the demand for its products. But Quantum persevered in its decision and, eventually, the high quality of the products coming out of MKE swung the tide in Quantum's favor. By 1989, Quantum's 3? -inch disk was gaining acceptance in the industry. In late 1991, Quantum was listed as the best California large business by California Business magazine, following a three year revenue increase of over 135 percent and a net income increase of over 265 percent. Another major problem Quantum faced was its historical dependence on only a few customers. For several years, orders from Apple Computer constituted 80 percent of Quantum's business.
But when Quantum couldnt supply the quantity of 3? -inch disks Apple needed, the computer company began to look elsewhere. Once well back in the 3? -inch disk drive business, Quantum realized it couldnt rely on just a few customers but needed to expand its client list. It began developing new relationships with major companies in the industry and soon its client list included companies like AT& T, Hewlett-Packard, Intel Corp. , NEXT Inc. , Sun Microsystems Inc. , and Unisys Corp. , as well as others in Europe and the Far East. In late 1994, Quantum acquired most of Digital Equipment Corporations storage business, including its hard disk drive and tape drive manufacturing plants in Colorado, Massachusetts, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Quantum hoped to use this $ 400 million dollar purchase to enhance its standing as a major supplier of high-end disk drives (2, 4, and 9 gigabyte drives) for use in mainframes, minicomputers, and other large computer systems.
But after spending hundreds of millions of dollars, Quantum realized the high-end disk market was not making money. In 1995, Quantum made the painful decision to close the Colorado plant and move the remainder of its disk drive manufacturing to its plant in Malaysia. By early 1996, Quantum closed its disk drive plants in California and Malaysia and transferred all of its disk drive manufacturing to MKE. But not all of Quantum's acquisitions from DEC were unsuccessful. In another former DEC plant in Colorado, Quantum found it needed to expand its blossoming tape drive business. Tape drives store data on magnetic tape and are generally used for back-up storage or archiving of data off of a computer network.
Many large computer companies, like Hewlett-Packard, Digital, and Compaq used the drives in their computer systems. With the massive amounts of data being generated every day, companies across the country and the world were clamoring for back-up storage tapes. Quantum had found a new niche. Not only was 1995 the year that Quantum began changing its business strategies, but the company also changed its executive line-up. With a new CEO, Michael Brown, the company is changing the way it looks at the future. The companys emphasis will be on developing and selling disk drive and tape storage units, but will leave the disk drive manufacturing up to MKE.
It will also try to expand its customer base by going into the general consumer market with drives designed to expand the capacities of desktop PCs. Industry insiders predict that growth in the PC disk-drive market will compound annually at 20 percent to 25 percent over the next five years, eventually even outstripping PC sales, as people upgrade and add memory to existent equipment. As part of its DEC acquisition, Quantum received an 81 percent share of Rocky Mountain Magnetics Inc. , a joint venture with Storage Technology Corporation in the development of magneto-resistive (MR) heads. By incorporating MR head technology into its disk drives, Quantum was able to increase areal density (the number of data bits per square inch).
This allowed Quantum to increase drive performance and reduce the cost per megabyte by putting more data under a single head. Quantum was the first independent supplier to combine MR heads and Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (PRML) technologies in a hard disk drive. Through their joint connection, Quantum also partnered with StorageTek to supply Quantum DLT 7000 tape drives to the StorageTek Timber Wolf family of automated robotic tape storage libraries. In March, 1997, Quantum and Exabyte Corporation announced the Exabyte 18 D, Exabytes first automated DLT library.
The library uses Exabytes robotics and Quantum's DLT 4000 or DLT 7000 tape drives to provide backup, remote storage, and automated archiving of digital tape cartridges. After a few years making up for the heavy expenditures from the DEC acquisition, Quantum reported substantial income increases in the beginning of 1997. Growth and increase in income was attributable to the success of Quantum's switch in emphasis from hard disk drives to back-up tape drives. Quantum now manufactures and sells 5? -inch and 3? -inch hard disk drives, solid state disks, and tape drives. Its customers include large domestic and international OEMs, like Apple Computer, Compaq, Digital, Hewlett-Packard, and IBM and, through commercial and industrial distributors, to smaller OEMs, system integrators, value-added resellers, dealers and retailers in more than 25 countries. Quantum provides products for use in minicomputers, disk arrays, servers, workstations, and entry-level to high-end desktop PCs.
Quantum's manufacturing partner, MKE, has plants in Japan, Ireland, and Singapore for producing the high-volume products. Quantum produces solid state disks, DLT tape drives, and mini-libraries at its facilities in Colorado Springs, Colorado Initial design and production of magnetic disks, MR heads DLT drives, and mini-libraries also take place in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts and Louisville, Colorado. The Penang, Malaysia, plant continues to produce disk drives. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bean, Joanna " California-Based Quantum, Computer Storage Device Maker, Posts Record Sales" Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News, January 29, 1997 Bean, Joanna " California's Quantum Corp. to Stop Making Its Own Computer Disk Drives" Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News, January 31, 1996 Bean, Joanna " Colorado Springs, Colo. -Based Quantum to Move to New Headquarters" Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News, November 8, 1996 England, Robert Stowe " What Could Have Been (Quantum Corp. ) " Financial World, October 13, 1992 Gomes, Lee " Quantum Corp. Ends Manufacturing, Will Lay Off 2, 250 " Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News, January 31, 1996 Hostetler, Michele " Taking quantum leap into high-tech" The Business Journal, December 11, 1995 Krause, Reinhardt " Quantum shifts all production to MKE" Electronic News (1991), February 4, 1996.
McCrea die, John " Quantum rebuilds profits with the help of a friend" Electronic Business, October 16, 1989 Rawson, Bob " Quantum plays a winning hand in disk drive game; booming sales prompt hiring drive" EDN, April 4, 1991 Scores, Ismini " Transition Mars Quantum 2 Q" Electronic Buyer News, November 11, 1996 Sprackland, Teri " Quantum flies high in the race for disk drive sales" Electronic Business, July 23, 1990 Stevens, Tim " Multiplication by addition: hot companies in hot markets capitalize on strategic acquisitions to ignite growth" Industry Week, July 1, 1996 Walsh, James " 100 Best Large Companies" California Business, November-December 1991 " Exabyte and Quantum Announce the Exabyte 18 D the First DLT &# 8482; Library in Exabytes Family of Library Offerings" PR Newswire, March 18, 1997 " Quantum buys DEC storage units" Electronic News (1991), July 25, 1994 Quantum Corp. web page at web
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