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Prohibition One of the most controversial, the Eighteenth, and later, its repeal, the They-First amendment, made a big impact on America, and their ideas are still talked about today. Prohibition has had many different view points from the beginning. Prohibition started long before the Eighteenth Amendment. Organizations against alcohol such as the Anti-Saloon League and the Womans Christian Temperance Union were succeeding in enacting local prohibition laws, turning the campaign into a national effort. In the late 1900 s there was an average of one saloon for every 150 to 200 people, including nondrinkers, due to competition in brewing companies. The major complaint was the sex and gambling that went along with the saloons.
Originally it was started as a wartime austerity measure in 1917, and later Congress proposed the Eighteenth Amendment. According to Dennis Mahoney, in 1919, it was ratified and went into effect. The Volstead act was sponsored by Andrew J. Volstead on October 28, 1919. It enforced the new Amendment. During Prohibition there was a slight drop in homicide rates around the country.
On January 16, 1920, the great law went into effect. The Eighteenth amendment made it forbidden to manufacture, sell, transport, import or export any intoxicating liquors. This was controversial because it turned the common hard working man or woman, who enjoyed a drink after a hard days work, into a criminal in the laws eyes. In The History of Prohibition, a web site by J. McGrew, it states that Prohibition also gave criminals, such as Al Capone, the opportunity to feed off the illegal substance.
The organized crime circuit ate up Prohibition and began to boot leg alcohol. Local pharmacies and basements near the border became hubs for the transactions. The Big Bosses would purchase it in Canada, where it was legal and import it to the US. A prime example of the organized crime is in the movie, Legends of the Fall.
Both the Volstead Act and the Eighteenth Amendment are mentioned in the movie, as it portrays a small time boot letter going up against a big organized crime family, in the end many people lost their lives over alcohol and money. Speakeasies, illegal bars, sprang up everywhere. They promoted the worst of immorality, sex and gambling, as well as drinking. And for the first time women were seen smoking in public. Bathtub gin and other illegal brewing was everywhere. Not only was the home made booze highly potent it could also be highly fatal.
If you survived, you could very well be blind or disabled from bad rot gut. I recently spoke to my grandfather on the issue and he was quoted to say Oh sure, we brewed our own beer and wine, we didnt care. The public was fed up. Well-organized groups like the Womans Organization for National Prohibition Reform grew rapidly and after thirteen years it exploded during the 1932 presidential campaign. The democrats and their delegate, Senator, Franklin D.
Roosevelt, supported the reform. Backed by the Voluntary Committee of Lawyers, Roosevelt got the repeal. On February 20, 1933, the Twenty-First Amendment was proposed and on December 5, it was ratified. The newest Amendment to the Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment and the Volstead Act. After its repeal it took a long time for the consumption rate of Alcohol to get back to the pre-Prohibition level.
In closing, the Noble Experiment (a name for Prohibition, found in many different sources) failed. The evidence clearly shows that the conditions of the Nation were clearly better without Prohibition and the Eighteenth Amendment. One of the most discussed and debated of this century, will this issue be carried into the next on the back of Marijuana?
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Research essay sample on Eighteenth Amendment Organized Crime
