Example research essay topic: Rule Of Law Public And Private - 1,124 words

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THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM CONSERVATISM: This type believes in conserving the present political, social and economic order as much as possible It takes the traditions of that time and only changes them gradually and not very Frequently Monarchies, aristocracies and the churches made up the main areas of conservatism They believed that they were surrounded by well-organized enemies (other political parties) they felt defensive about Liberalism, nationalism and popular sovereignty In the 1990 s conservatism strife to reduce the size of government, reduce public spending, reform the taxation laws to encourage investments, deregulate business to promote economic growth, and manage the fiscal and monetary sides of the economy Conservatism is essentially the defense of economic individualism against the growth of a welfare state. During the twentieth century conservatism lost their faith in a central government and focussed on the rights of property, independent of the state, and the rights of individuals to be free of government interference It takes the traditions of that time and only changes them gradually and not very Frequently Believes that a society is complex because of the many elements involved in it, which Can make it seem very unpredictable Incorporate change without unwanted side effects A conservative ruler does not like a lot of philosophy and dislikes petitions, Proclamations or declarations of rights, which the liberals do Two contributors to conservatism were Benjamin Disraeli (Britain) and Joseph de Maistre (France) Father of conservatism (although he never used the word) was Edmund Burke- his Ideas developed in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1970) Burke believed that governments should act of the need to be practical, not theoretical He believed in human distinctions in wealth, ability, and opportunity intelligence for Economic order Economy consists of government, institutions and classes in pursuit of private property Dont believe in government venture towards social benefit -Should come from business, corporations People are better off left alone, not interfered with the government- e. g. Welfare Programs Like to keep traditional values- not accustomed to change Believe people have the right to private property Want to preserve the established paradigm or return to traditional forms of Government Believe human nature was selfish Believe people were better off with institutional restrictions Believe in maintaining tradition Lean towards a capitalistic state Practical actions rather than theory Believe in minimal government interference Oppose abortion, pornography and affirmative.

SOCIALISM: Viewed as the highest stage of political and economic development Socialism originated in England in 1830 and in Sweden around 1910 Socialist believe that political and social equality is achieved through a centrally planned economy Government is responsible for planning and directing the economy They distribute wealth better than the capitalist but are bad in creating wealth The government governs things like: railways, airlines, mines, banks, radio, TV, telecommunications, medical services, universities and important manufacturing enterprises such as chemicals and steel The tax system is designed to prevent excessive profits or an undue concentration of wealth It is believed that socialist societies are more bureaucratic and has less production than a capitalist state The economy is run by owners rather than by a rich small group of capitalists It is collective because society can control production and production is for the common good rather than for individual profit Society must share the wealth equally It is also individual because workers are no longer a collective mob of alienated non-owners employed by a minority of owners Each worker get their full share of their labor Work becomes a self-affirming activity Production is not controlled by the capitalists and their servants Everybody is an owner Socialism is genuine free enterprise Meaning of far healthier human relationships Every individual can participate to the fullest extent in the intellectual, cultural and political society There are three main stages in which revolution is required: The emergence of a workers movement Socialist societies are more bureaucratic and has less production than a capitalist Socialism Seek to ensure economic equality without violence Endorse social service programs: -Old age pension -Family allowances -Health care -Income supplements -Unemployment compensation political democracy is # 1 goal of an democratic socialist parties socialism we see in a welfare state party has only been marginally successful at the federal level in provinces believe economic growth should be started through government investment in an economy made up of public and private enterprise believe government should act as a referee in the economy balancing the goals of public and private enterprises in a mixed economy in Canada, democratic socialism maintains a low ideological profile party has only been marginally successful at the federal level, but in provinces they been the government (e. g. Ontario) This type of system currently prevails in Sweden and Denmark LIBERALISM: Liberalism came out of the revolt against the oligarchic government in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The bloodless glorious revolution, which saw the downfall of James II, established the sovereignty of Parliament over the monarchy, barring it from suspending acts of parliament and interfering with the courts Their ideas are derived from the writers of the enlightenment and the so-called principles of 1789, as outlined in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen For Liberals, free government meant that the political executive be responsible to the legislature rather that to the monarch The philosopher Leonard Hobhouse states that the principles of Liberalism are: Rule of Law, Responsible Government, Civil Liberties, Constitutionalism, Individualism, Majority Rule, Popular Sovereignty, and International Co-operation Rule of law: can rule only by peoples consent Civil Liberty: freedoms e. g. Thought, expression, assoc.

religion Constitutionalism: social contract to outline / limit government power Individualism: role of government is to allow individuals to reach self-fulfillment and provide wellbeing Majority rules: public decisions made by greater number of citizens Popular Sovereignty: sovereignty resides within the people The ideology was first introduced in England around 1650 and in France during 1750 The liberals work toward a world of free of limits on the responsible individual, the greatest economic well-being for all and increasing control over natural and social environment Liberalism is a form of political structure where the powers of the government are limited against the people and their property the main function of the state is to protect the rights of the citizens These rights are natural rights, petitions, bills of rights, declarations of the rights of man etc. some liberal programs, seek to place constraints on governmental power this may be achieved through a parliamentary system of government or a constitutional monarchy of through the separation of governmental powers into agencies such as executive, legislative and judiciary, the classical example being the U. S, government -Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, is usually viewed as liberals Bibliography this paper is about conservatism, socialism, and liberalism

Research essay sample on Rule Of Law Public And Private