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... he sperm suspension into the uterine cavity. This is a simple procedure which can be performed either by a fertility nurse or physician. Usually the insemination itself causes little if any discomfort. Following the insemination procedure the woman remains lying down with her hips elevated for 45 minutes. After this it is hoped that the sperm reached the egg naturally and pregnancy will occur from it.
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer or GIFT Gamete intra fallopian transfer, or GIFT, was developed in 1984 as a variation of in-vitro fertilization. This procedure is most often recommended for couples with unexplained infertility with the female partner having at least one open fallopian tube. GIFT is also recommended for patient's whose infertility is due to cervical or immunological factors, mild endometriosis, or selected cases of male infertility. The main difference between IVF and GIFT is that GIFT fertilization occurs naturally within the female partner's body instead of in the laboratory. GIFT is a procedure that involves ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, and placing a mixture of the sperm and eggs directly into the woman's fallopian tubes to foster fertilization inside the female's body. This procedure has three steps to it.
The first step of GIFT is exactly the same as in IVF. In order to maximize the probability of success, the physician prescribes fertility medications to stimulate the female to produce more than one follicle and egg, and to aid in stimulating the follicles to release the eggs. Follicle stimulating hormone medications are used to stimulate the growth and maturity of follicles and eggs. Then HCG is given to stimulate the release of the eggs from the follicles and determine the time of egg retrieval. The second step also mirrors the process in IVF. The eggs are examined under a microscope to evaluate maturity before they are combined with sperm.
The male semen sample has been collected, evaluated, and sperm processing performed prior to the next step. Finally, once the physician has determined the eggs are ready for transfer, the selected sperm and eggs are placed together in a catheter, where they unite. These sperm and eggs are called gametes. Using a laparoscope, the physician begins the surgical procedure to insert the catheter directly into the fallopian tube.
The sperm and egg are then injected into the fallopian tube, where fertilization occurs within the body. Unlike IVF, in which actual fertilization is observed and confirmed in the laboratory, GIFT does not allow visual confirmation of fertilization. If fertilization occurs, the developing embryos remain in the fallopian tube and then move to the uterus for the natural implantation process to be completed. Like all other types of assisted reproductive techniques, once the egg and sperm are in the female partners uterus, all that is left to do is wait and hope for a child to be conceived. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer or ZIFT Zygote intra fallopian transfer, or ZIFT, is another variation of in vitro fertilization.
In this assisted reproductive technique the name zygote is given to the fertilized eggs. Like IVF, the actual fertilization of the eggs is observed and confirmed in the laboratory. The location of where fertilization takes place, and the ability to confirm actual fertilization, are the main differences between ZIFT and gamete intra fallopian transfer. With GIFT, the actual fertilization cannot be observed because the eggs and sperm are united for fertilization inside the woman's fallopian tube. The advantage of ZIFT over GIFT is that ZIFT uses zygotes, not an egg and sperm mixture. The steps in ZIFT are the same as in IVF, except the location of where the embryos are placed changes.
With IVF embryos are placed directly in the uterus. With ZIFT, the zygotes are placed directly into the fallopian tube. For ZIFT to be offered as a treatment option, the female must have at least one open and functioning fallopian tube. ZIFT involves ovarian stimulation, monitoring, and egg retrieval, followed by sperm processing and fertilization in the laboratory and then transfer of the zygotes, or embryos, into the female partner's fallopian tubes. After this, conception is hoped for. For women who experience failure of their ovarian function and women over age 40 with poor quality oocyte, or eggs (See Figure 3), the use of donated eggs from another, sometimes younger (See Figure 4), female may be the best option to achieve conception.
Use of donor eggs is an IVF procedure involving retrieval of the donor's eggs, fertilization with the male partner's sperm, and transfer to the female partner's uterus. Oocyte donation is used when the female partner has a genetic disorder than can be transmitted to the baby. Women with congenital abnormalities, women who have previously been treated with radiation or chemotherapy for cancer, women who have repeatedly failed with prior IVF attempts, and women with recurrent miscarriages, may also consider this option. One problem with this technique is finding a suitable donor. Cryopreservation is a process of freezing embryos to preserve them over time. Frozen embryos have been successfully thawed and used in later cycles that resulted in pregnancy.
About two thirds of embryos will survive the process of freezing and thawing. An added benefit is the lower cost due to not having to repeat the ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, and fertilization procedures with the subsequent cycle. These eggs, after being thawed, are placed into the females uterus in the same manner as is in in-vitro fertilization. Assisted Reproductive Techniques are quite helpful to people who wish to have a child but cannot conceive in the natural way.
A man and woman, for example, who wish to be parents but cannot due to the woman's fallopian tube problems. With the help of in-vitro fertilization the couples dream of having a child might come true. Another example of the help these techniques can give could involve a single woman who wishes to be a mother. With artificial insemination the woman can become the mother she so wishes to be.
These techniques are some of the most important scientific discoveries to the twentieth century due to the happiness that they can bring. Bibliography: Khamsi, F. 1995 Infertility Reference Notes for General Practitioners. Toronto Fertility Sterility Institute, Toronto, Ont. Kunz, Jeffrey R.
M. The American Medical Association Family Medical Guide. Random House, New York. Local, Suzanne 1992 Mother's Encyclopedia & Everyday Guide to Family Health.
The Bryant Press Limited. Canada. Paulson, Richard J. 1994 In Vitro Fertilization and Other Assisted Reproductive Techniques. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, Inc. , Los Angeles, CA. web "ARTS Services and Procedures" web "CHR National Home Page" web "Fertility Conference Abstracts" web "The Causes of Infertility"
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Research essay sample on Vitro Fertilization Fallopian Tube
