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Example research essay topic: Seok Choon Lew Paul S Crane One - 1,027 words

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There are many things to consider when characterizing a country. Its geographic region, population, political status and foreign relations are all distinguishing marks that make up a country. Those features however, are not what make a country unique. The people of a country give that place its identity and its spirit, they are the physical representation of the place. The people exhibit their country everyday without even meaning to through their customs, values, traditions, and attitudes.

Religion is fundamental to the Korean culture. There are several different religions that are widely accepted and practiced. Some of these include, Taoism, Buddhism, Shamanism and Christianity. Confucianism establishes many Korean values and serves as a social conscience for the Korean people. According to Confucius, there are some basic codes that one needs to practice to obtain a balance of opposites or the middle way. These are, Between friends, trust.

Between elder and younger, respect. Between husband and wife, distinction in position. Between father and son, intimacy. Between king and ministers, loyalty (Crane, 1967).

Buddhism also teaches essential principles that are important to life in Korea. According to Paul S. Crane (1967), some of these ideas are, one should encompass a respect for life, have an intolerance for war and hold the belief that it is meaningful to do good works in order to earn redemption. Shamanism, Seok-Choon Lew (1988) relates, is an indigenous religion that is based upon spirits and the role they play in our realm. Shamanists believe that these spirits dwell on earth and control our fate. Another common religion is Taoism.

Taoism embraces the search for blessings and the concept of longevity. Because it readily accepts Confucian and Buddhist principles, its influence has remained widespread today (Handbook, 1978). The appearance of Christianity in Korea is somewhat current and has helped to modernize thew country. In fact, Paul S. Crane (1967) explains that, among other things, Christian missionaries started the first modern schools, were first to provide education for women, set up the first hospital and first medical school and even bestowed upon them the secrets of the apple industry. With all these different religions and beliefs being practiced simultaneously, one would assume that conflict would be a familiar occurrence, but that is not the case.

Koreans live harmoniously because the beliefs of most religions often overlap. Seok-Choon Lew (1988) maintains that, There is no exact or exclusive criterion by which each believer can be identified because there is nothing contradictory in one person visiting and praying at Buddhist temples, participating in Confucian ancestor rites, an even consulting a Shaman. Koreans practice of worship is ideal to keep the peace. Americans could learn a lot from them with respect to religions. Most of the population in the United States claims a Christian denomination, and because Christianity maintains that it is the only undistorted religion, there is often an intolerance of other religions which results in disagreements.

Religion and beliefs for Koreans do not just remain in the church. They envelop all aspects of Korean life and guide most their decisions and actions in relationships with others. A common thought among Koreans is that, Normal behavior is based upon accepted communal norms and the failure to act properly is attributed to a lack of proper, moral education (Pan-Asia). I think that this is an important matter to consider when looking at the Korean family. The Korean family is established with respect to a hierarchy.

According to Paul S. Crane (1967), familial relationships are entirely vertical rather than horizontal. Everyone has a place in the family and even between twins, one is always superior to the other. Filial piety is also meaningful to the Korean way of life. The people are expected to be devoted to their parents, ancestors, spouse and friends. It is true that there are even, Korean fables and legends abound with episodes of filial sons and daughters as well as faithful wives who even risked their lives to prove their loyalty to family (Facts, 1989).

P 146 Judy Hyun (1979) discusses associations and roles within the family unit in her article entitled, Life-style. She declares that the elder members of the family are respected regardless of the situation and no swearing, smoking, drinking, loud talking, or fighting is permitted in the presence of the elders. The function of the parents is also noteworthy; on the surface, the father is perceived as a harsh governor of the rules, while the mother is patient with the children. One writer portrays the goal of the parents when raising their child when writing, by affection and almost total attention to the childs needs, coupled with the modeling process used by parents to teach, helps ensure that the values of the parents will be adopted by the child (Pan-Asia).

In the book, The Handbook of Korea (1987), it is explained that, Obedience to the superior was regarded as natural and one of the most admirable virtues. Reverence for others in this civilization is preconscious. The excellent design of the family is only one demonstration of why Korea is so peaceful. There are infrequent controversies because everyone has a given status and it is rare for someone to try and breakout of their role. All too often in America, children do not have a high enough level of respect for their elders. In this country, children tend to do as they please without any regard to the disappointment they will cause their parents or to the punishment they may receive.

We teach our children that respect is not granted until it is earned. Perhaps if our children learned to unconsciously regard others courteously, we would have fewer obstacles to deal with later in life. When looking at relationships with others, it is essential to discuss, kin. Kibun refers to maintaining a good feeling within the self and with others.

Whenever a person is in harmony within his interpersonal relationships, his kin is good. When the relationships are in trouble, his kin is bad (Pan-Asia). Many things about Korea are changing due to urbanization and industrialization yet the people are still trying to adjust yet still keep the values and traditions that wer...


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