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Example research essay topic: Hail Macbeth Hail Wife Lady Macbeth - 1,621 words

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1 Witch. When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or in rain? 2 Witch. When the hurlyburly s done, When the battle s lost and won. 3 Witch. That will be ere the set of sun. 1 Witch. Where the place? 2 Witch.

Upon the heath. 3 Witch. There to meet with Macbeth. 1 Witch. I come, Graymalkin! 2 Witch. Paddock calls. 3 Witch. Anon!

All. Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air. (ACT 1, Scene 1, Lines 1 12) Thunder rumbles through the sky and lightning flashes while the three witches vanish as suddenly as they appeared. Soon, they will come upon Macbeth and state: 1 Witch. All hail, Macbeth!

hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! 2 Witch. All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! 3 Witch. All hail, Macbeth! that shalt bes King hereafter. (ACT 1, Scene 3, Lines 48 50) These three prophecies prove significant for the title character, Macbeth, of William Shakespeare s The Tragedy of Macbeth. Yet, the We rd Sisters are not the only influences in Macbeth s life.

His wife, Lady Macbeth, and his king, King Duncan of Scotland, also impact him. However, of these three Lady Macbeth exercises the most power over Macbeth and his decisions and actions. King Duncan of Scotland is waging war against the king of Norway at the beginning of the play. From a captain, faint with battle wounds, Duncan hears about the valour of Macbeth, who had slain Macdonald, a traitor. Upon listening to the narrative, he exclaims, O valiant cousin! worthy gentleman! (ACT 1, Scene 2, Line 24), in reference to Macbeth.

When the Thane of Rose enters to inform Duncan of a Scottish victory, the king orders him to present Macbeth with the new title, Thane of Cawdor, fulfilling the second prediction. As Macbeth, Thane of Glamis by inheritance, and his friend, Banquo, ride from the battlefield to the king s palace, they come upon the We rd Sisters. Having spoken their prophecies, they vanish, leaving Macbeth and Banquo to contemplate their words. Continuing on their journey, the Thane of Rose joins them and reports that Macbeth has been proclaimed the Thane of Cawdor by the king. Upon entering the banquet hall, King Duncan immediately praises Macbeth.

However, only a few minutes later he declares Malcolm, his son, Prince of Cumberland. Because at that time Scotland did not practice the rite of primogeniture, this title was bestowed upon the man whom the king elected as heir to the throne. Having heard this, Macbeth becomes increasingly incensed at Duncan for honoring his son with a kingship, while Macbeth had just saved Scotland from being conquered. Once the three witches had told Macbeth their predictions, King Duncan influenced Macbeth s decisions more and more. At first Macbeth cannot believe that he will become the Thane of Cawdor, much less the king of Scotland.

However, as Rose arrives to inform Macbeth that he has become Thane of Cawdor, he begins to see truth in the prophecies. Yet, he still does not deliberate murdering Duncan: If Chance will have me King, why, Chance may crown me, Without my stir. (ACT 1, Scene 3, Lines 142 144) But Duncan decides to announce that his son will now be known as Prince of Cumberland soon after he has commended Macbeth for his victory. This angers Macbeth, who thinks the throne is rightfully his: Macbeth, has a genuine grievance against Duncan who, by proclaiming his son Prince of Cumberland, went against the laws of succession, and took away from Macbeth the prospect of the throne; which he had every reason to hope for 1 After Duncan s proclamation Macbeth commences to seriously ponder murdering the king. Thus King Duncan influences Macbeth s resolution to kill him and usurp the throne. Before Macbeth had ever seen the We rd Sisters he was content with his life. Yet, once he heard the witches foretelling's, although he discredited their words in the beginning, they had already seeped into his brain and affected his view of life.

Macbeth. Glamis, and Thane of Cawdor: The greatest is behind [To Banquo] Do you not hope your children shall be kings, When those that gave the Thane of Cawdor to me Promise d no less to them? (ACT 1, Scene 3, Lines 117 121) Macbeth. Two truths are told, As happy prologues to the swelling act Of the imperial theme. (ACT 1, Scene 3, Lines 127 129) After visiting King Duncan, Macbeth hastily returns home to his wife. Shortly thereafter Duncan and his whole entourage arrive at Inverness, Macbeth s house. That night Macbeth murders King Duncan.

His two sons, Malcolm and Donalbain, flee, for fear of their lives, and with no nearer relative Macbeth assumes the kingship. The We rd Sisters held prophecy not only for Macbeth, but also for Banquo: 1 Witch. Lesser than Macbeth, and greater. 2 Witch. Not so happy, yet much happier. 3 Witch.

Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none: So all hail, Macbeth and Banquo! (ACT 1, Scene 3, Lines 65 68) These lines distress Macbeth, for he wants to be king, but he also wants to father other kings. So in the course of procuring the kingship for himself, Macbeth has Banquo murdered, although his son, France, escapes. In committing these crimes Macbeth has shown how vulnerable he is to the witches influence. Although King Duncan s words caused Macbeth to be enraged, his feelings would not have been so strong if the We rd Sisters had not disclosed their predictions to him.

Therefore, the We rd Sisters had more effect on Macbeth than King Duncan. Upon coming to Forres, Macbeth wrote a short letter to his wife, Lady Macbeth. Having read the letter, Lady Macbeth expresses that her husband is too gentle to actually try and execute the third prophecy: Lady Macbeth. Yet do I fear thy nature: It is too full o th milk of human kindness, To catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great; Art not without ambition, (ACT 1, Scene 5, Lines 16 19) Yet at the same time she promises to convince him: Lady Macbeth. Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear, And chastise with the valour of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round, Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem To have thee crown d withal. (ACT 1, Scene 5, Lines 25 30) When her husband returns home, she persuades him to kill King Duncan.

Yet, he expresses some doubts about the deed: Macbeth. We will proceed no further in this business: He hath honour d me of late; and I have bought Golden opinions from all sorts of people, Which would be worn now in their newest gloss, Not cast aside so soon. (ACT 1, Scene 7, Lines 31 35) But because of her ambitious and slightly evil nature Lady Macbeth finally convinces Macbeth to lay guilt aside and to slay the king. Thus, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth become King and Queen of Scotland. As soon as Macbeth arrives at Inverness Lady Macbeth commences to assure him that murdering Duncan is the only path to obtaining the kingship.

Every time he conveys any form of uncertainty, Lady Macbeth terms him a coward, slowly destroying his defenses. She does not desist until she has a full submission from her husband. As Freud puts it Lady Macbeth is ready to sacrifice even her womanliness to her murderous intention, without reflecting on the decisive part which this womanliness must play when the question afterwards arises of preserving the aim of her ambition, which has been attained through a crime. 2 Because of her incessant persuading Macbeth finally gives in and kills King Duncan, although he still feels a small bit of doubt. Lady Macbeth persuades her husband to murder Duncan.

Although Macbeth was angry at Duncan, it was not enough to kill him without the influence of his wife. The We rd Sisters also impacted Macbeth on his decision to slay the king, yet again, had it not been for Lady Macbeth, he would have failed to commit the deed. Lady Macbeth just wanted to commit an evil act for the sake of it. As Muir states, But although it is true that Lady Macbeth is not naturally depraved or conscienceless (any more than Satan was) she deliberately chooses evil, her choice being more deliberate than her husband s.

Macbeth speaks of his ambition being his only spur; but he would never have overcome his reluctance to commit regicide without the chastisement of his wife s tongue, and she persuades him only after she has invoked the powers of darkness to take possession of her. 3 Lady Macbeth herself states: Lady Macbeth. My hands are of your colour; but I shame To wear a heart so white. (ACT 2, Scene 2, Lines 63 64) This feeling of guiltlessness gives Lady Macbeth a very evil characterization, which could be that of a witch. Among Lady Macbeth, King Duncan, and the We rd Sisters, Lady Macbeth was the most influential in Macbeth s life. Macbeth s ire at King Duncan was not great enough to kill him, because he was a loyal and acclaimed general.

The prophecies of the We rd Sisters, no matter how tempting they may have sounded, were not believable enough to sway Macbeth to execute all those deeds, in order to attain the kingship. Lady Macbeth, through her wish to be evil, nagged Macbeth ceaselessly until he yielded to her. She finally compelled Macbeth to seize the throne of Scotland. Lady Macbeth. what s done is done. (ACT 3, Scene 2, Line 12) 330


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Research essay sample on Hail Macbeth Hail Wife Lady Macbeth

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