NOTE: Free essay sample provided on this page should be used for references or sample purposes only. The sample essay is available to anyone, so any direct quoting without mentioning the source will be considered plagiarism by schools, colleges and universities that use plagiarism detection software. To get a completely brand-new, plagiarism-free essay, please use our essay writing service.
One click instant price quote
Homosexuality is most simply defined as the tendency to be sexually attracted to members of one? s own sex. On a more personal level it is? a feeling and a state of mind it? s where most of your emotional, social and physical needs are met, ? (Gwinn, 3). Homosexuality is innate, it is perfectly natural, and it is okay.
Homosexuality has been present in some form in nearly every culture presently known. In some societies, it was practiced only in secret, in others it was condoned or even encouraged. Ancient Greeks saw the sexual relationship between older and younger men to be ideal. The Greek poet Sappho was the first to write of wanting to be with another woman in 580 BC. Spartan warriors had male companions whose relationship was similar to marriage. In some New Guinea cultures, adolescent boys must engage in homosexual sex with older boys, but are expected to lead strictly heterosexual relationships later in life (Hunt, 15).
One of the least accepting attitudes toward homosexuality is found in the Western world where beliefs were determined largely by Judeo-Christian moral codes, which treat homosexuality as immoral or sinful. During the earlier part of this century, homosexual behavior was kept a secret. Homosexual acts were? considered an abomination punishable by death, and Christian tradition has carried forward this condemnatory attitude? (Konner, 333).
During World War II, gays were among the victims of the concentration camps. American intolerance is unusual; most cultures throughout the world have been much more tolerant. Even on the more primitive level, homosexuality is natural. In many mammals, ? homosexual? activity is a common part of social interaction.
Female Rhesus monkeys mount each other to establish a dominant rank in their troop? s class system. Cows perform similar actions in order to coordinate their menstrual cycles and calve at the same time (Gorman, 61). When a gay man is asked why he thinks he is gay, he responds by saying that he was born that way. This seems to be a common answer among the homosexual community. Most homo- and bisexuals believe their sexual preference was not a choice. ?
If I could be heterosexual tomorrow, I would be. It? s much easier. I would never choose a path where I? d be discriminated against, ? said David Lydon, partner of an openly gay reverend.
Unfortunately, some religious homosexuals cannot accept their sexuality and they may end up depressed and suffering from mental turmoil (Brecher, J 1). Some gays undergo conversion therapy in an effort to change themselves. Most of the time, these therapies are not successful and often their patients incur more damage than good. Many homosexuals go through some sort of anti-gay discrimination, violence or abuse in their lifetimes. Some individuals fear? coming out?
because of how they see others being treated. ? People who were openly gay were shunned. They didn? t have any friends... I didn? t want to be ostracized like that, ?
Tony (last name withheld) recollected about his high school (Gerboth, B 1). Gay men and women have been threatened or beaten in cities across the country. Homosexual employees have been fired and gay-oriented businesses have been vandalized (Deitel, H 1). This reaction against homosexuals is called homophobia. Many psychologists believe that people become homophobic as an unconscious reaction to one? s own fear of being homosexual.
The homophobia is further encouraged by religious beliefs, most specifically Christianity, which, historically speaking, has seen sex to be strictly for procreation. Another strong supporting factor is the view that homosexual relationships undermine social and family structure. It is widely believed that the gay male? may [be seen] as a threat to the masculine identity of some heterosexual males? (Landau, 19). Homosexuals who do not endeavor to enter a heterosexual marriage present an unwelcome challenge for some components of society. Most healthy families are seen as having a mother, a father and a few children.
Homosexual relationships pose a problem for lawmakers as well. For example, legal marriage is available almost exclusively for heterosexual couples. Gay couples do not enjoy benefits of legal marriage, even if they are companions for their entire adult lives. This inability to form a union in God? s or their countries eyes leads many heterosexuals to view homosexual relationships to be filled with infidelity. Simply put, gays and lesbians?
defy conventionality, and as a result they are victimized? (Landau, 21). For many years, homosexuality was considered to be a mental illness. Oftentimes they were encouraged to seek psychiatric help for their? disorder. ?
Individuals were helped to correct their so-called problem behavior. During the last thirty years, however, research has proven conclusively that homosexuality is not a pathological disorder. The most important result of the research was the American Psychiatric Association? s decision in 1973 to remove homosexuality from the list of mental disorders in its diagnostic manual. Two years later, the American Psychological Association passed a resolution that stated, ? Homosexuality, per se, implies no impairment in judgment, stability, reliability, or general social or vocational capabilities? (Landau, 8).
The American Medical Association decided to? support repeal of criminal laws against acts by consenting adults? (Wisenberg, Growing Up Gay, G 1). Only limited research has been done on the possibility that homosexuality is a choice. One such study by neuroscientist Simon Le Vay found that a region of the brain, INAH 3, is significantly smaller in gay men than in heterosexual men. INAH 3 is a portion of the hypothalamus, a cluster of brain cells that regulates body temperature, appetite, and sexual urges, as well as other functions. This tiny section of the brain is relatively the same size in homosexual men as it is in heterosexual women, leading Le Vay to conclude that it may control the sexual preference of gay men.
However, it has not yet been determined whether the size of INAH 3 causes a man to be homosexual or vice versa (Much and Zamichow, A 1). Another study by the National Cancer Institute linked male homosexuality to a region of one chromosome. ? The scientific debate is no longer about whether there are biological contributions to [sexual] orientation, but whether they can be identified, ? commented Dr. Angela Pattatucci, a geneticist involved in the study. The Institute studied forty pairs of gay brothers.
Thirty three pairs had? identical pieces of the end tip of the X chromosome the one inherited from the mother? (Brecher, J 1). There are several theories that homosexuality is caused by a hormonal imbalance before birth. Dr. Lee Ellis believes that? stress during pregnancy may alter the production of sex hormones in the mother, changing the level of hormones reaching the brain of the fetus; if this happens at a crucial time in development, sexual orientation can be affected? (Painter, D 4).
Similarly, other research has shown that? certain hormonal influences on a developing fetus may predispose to brain development of a feminine character. ? The feminine brain may fix the sexual orientation of the man toward other men (Morris, 327). Other evidence, although not scientific, can be observed that might show that homosexuals do not choose their sexual preference. Homosexual men often have fewer masculine traits and interests than heterosexual men. Lesbians, to some extent, are less feminine than heterosexual women.
Many homosexuals realized they are different at a young age and most discover their preference by early adolescence. The answer also lies in pure common sense; why would anyone choose to be gay? A deeper level of understanding can be reached if homosexuality is proven to be innate. Homophobic violence may decrease and acceptance among the heterosexual public may increase. It is important for scientists to discover an explanation for homosexuality.
The debate over the innateness of homosexuality will continue until more definitive research is found. In the meantime homosexuals will continue to stand their ground and say what they have been saying all along; it isn? t a choice. The real choice is whether or not one acts upon his homosexual urges. On a final note, remember that sexuality is the last part of who a person is. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brecher, Elinor J. ?
Why are some people gay? ? Miami Herald, October 17, 199 Deitel, Bob. ? Homophobia, ? Courier-Journal, May 2 Gerboth, Betsy. ? Coping With Homosexuality, ? Forum, July 31, 198 Gorman, Christine. ?
Are Gay Men Born That Way? ? Time, September 9, 1991, 60 - 61. Gwinn, Mary Ann. ? ? I Think I? m Gay, ? ? Seattle Times/Post-Intelligencer, November 25, 198 Hunt, Morton.
Gay; What Teenagers Should Know About Homosexuality and the AIDS Crisis. New York, NY: Farrar/Straus/Giroux, 1987. Konner, Melvin. ? Homosexuality, ? Encyclopedia Americana, 1994, 333 - 334. Landau, Elaine.
Different Drummer; Homosexuality in America. New York, NY: Julian Messner Co. , 1986. Much, Thomas H. II and Nora Zamichow. ? Study Ties Part of Brain to Men? s Sexual Orientation, ?
Los Angeles Times, August 30, 199 Morris, Lois B. The Columbia University College of Physician and Surgeons Complete Home Guide to Mental Health. New York, NY: Henry Holt, 1992. Painter, Kim. ? A Biological Theory for Sexual Preference, ? USA Today, March 1, 198 Wisenberg, Sandi. ?
Growing Up Gay, ? Miami Herald, October 16, 1983, G 1, G 6.
Free research essays on topics related to: homosexual relationships, sexual preference, le vay, sexual orientation, gay men
Research essay sample on Sexual Preference Homosexual Relationships
