NOTE: Free essay sample provided on this page should be used for references or sample purposes only. The sample essay is available to anyone, so any direct quoting without mentioning the source will be considered plagiarism by schools, colleges and universities that use plagiarism detection software. To get a completely brand-new, plagiarism-free essay, please use our essay writing service.
One click instant price quote
The Toilet Thomas Crapper SanitationYesthose tales youve heard are true. The toilet was first patented in England in 1775, invented by one Thomas Crapper, but the extraordinary automatic device called the flush toilet has been around for a long time. Leonardo Da Vinci in the 1400 s designed one that worked, at least on paper, and Queen Elizabeth I reputably had one in her palace in Richmond in 1556, complete with flushing and overflow pipes, a bowl valve and a drain trap. In all versions, ancient and modern, the working principle is the same. Tripping a single lever (the handle) sets in motion a series of actions.
The trip handle lifts the seal, usually a rubber flapper, allowing water to flow into the bowl. When the thanks nearly empty, the flap falls back in place over the water outlet. A floating ball falls with the water level, opening the water supply inlet valve just as the outlet is being closed. Water flows through the bowl refill tube into the overflow pipe to replenish the trap sealing water.
As theater level in the tank nears the top of the overflow pipe, the float closes the inlet valve, completing the cycle. From the oldest of gadgets in the bathroom, lets turn those of the newest, the toothpaste pump. Sick and tired of toothpaste squeezed all over your sink and faucets? Does your spouse never ever roll down the tube and continually squeezes it in the middle? Then the toothpaste pump info you! When you press the button it pushes an internal, grooved rod down the tube.
Near the bottom of the rod is a piston, supported by little metal flanges called dogs, which seat themselves in the grooves on the rod. As the rod moves down, the dogs slide out of the groove theyre in and click intothe one above it. When you release the button, the spring brings the rod back up carrying the piston with it, now seated one notch higher. This pushes one-notch's-worth of toothpaste out of the nozzle.
A measured amount of toothpaste every time and no more goo on the sink. Refrigerators Over 90 percent of all North American homes with electricity have refrigerators. It seems to be the one appliance that North Americans can just not do without. The machines popularity as a food preserver is a relatively recent phenomenon, considering that the principles were known as early as 1748. A liquid absorbs heat from its surroundings when it evaporates into a gas; a gas releases heat when it condenses into a liquid.
The heart of a refrigerator cooling system is the compressor, which squeezes refrigerant gas (usually freon) and pumps itto the condenser, where it becomes a liquid, giving up heating the process. The condenser fan helps cool it. The refrigerant is then forced through a thin tube, or capillary tube, and as it escapes this restraint and is sucked back into a gas again, absorbing some heat from the food storage compartment while it does so. The evaporator fan distributes the chilled air. In a self-defrosting refrigerator / freezer model, moisture condenses into frost on the cold evaporator coils. The frost melts and drains away when the coils are warmed during the defrost cycle which is initiated by a timer, amended by the defrost limiter, before the frozen food melts.
A small heater prevents condensation between the compartments, the freezer thermostat turns the compressor on and off, andthe temp control limits cold air entering the fridge, beans of an adjustable baffle. Smoke Detectors Is your smoke detector good at scaring to death spiders who carelessly tiptoe inside it? Have you ever leapt out of the shower, clad only in you-know-what, to the piercing tones of your alarm, triggered merely by your forgetting the close the bathroom door? Is it supposed to do this? There are two types of smoke detectors on the market; the photoelectric smoke detector and ionization chamber smoke detector. The photoelectric type uses a photoelectric bulb that shines a beam of light through a plastic maze, called a catacomb.
The light is deflected to the other end of theme where it hits a photoelectric cell. Any smoke impinging on this light triggers the alarm (as do spiders and water droplets in the air! ). The ionization chamber type contains small radiation source, usually a man-made element called Americium. The element produces electrically-charged air molecules called ions, and their presence allows a small electric current to flow in the chamber. When smoke particles enter the chamber they attach themselves to these ions, reducing the flow of current and triggering the alarm. Both types are considered equally effective and may be battery-powered or wired to the homes electrical system.
No matter which type you choose, if you dont have one installed, put down this article and go buy one now! And while youre signing that credit card voucher for there smoke detector, pause for a moment and gaze at that other technological marvel you are probably holding in your hand, the ball-point pen. Ever wonder why its called all-point? Because it has a ball. The first Europeanpatents for the handy device were issued in the late 19 th century, but none of the early pens worked very well until Swiss inventor named Lazio Josef Biro designed the first modern version in 1939. He called it a biro.
Commercial production was delayed by World War II, another in 1945, an American firm, Reynolds, introduced the miraculous pen which revolutionizes writing at Gimbels in New York City. The new pen didnt work very well and cost a whopping $ 12. 50 U. S. , but it was an instant success. The Henry Ford of the ball-point industry, Marcel Bic, launched the Bic pen in 1949, after developing the Biro design for two years to produce a precision instrument which wrote evenly and reliably and was cheap. By the early seventies, Bic pens became the worlds largest manufacturer of ball-point pens, and today some two and one-half million Bic ball-points alone are sold every day in North America. Ink feeds by gravity through five veins in a nose cone, usually made of brass, to a tungsten carbide ball.
During theorizing process, the ball rotates, picking up a continuous ink supply through the nose cone and transferring it to theorizing paper. The ball is a perfect sphere, which must fit precisely into the extremely smooth nose cone socket so that will rotate freely yet be held tightly in place so thatcher is an even ink flow. Although it sounds deceptively simple, perhaps the most amazing thing about ball-point penis the ink. Why doesnt it just run out the end? Why doesnt it dry up in the plastic cartridge? Bic describes the ink as exclusive, fast-drying, yet free flowing.
The formula is, of course, secret. In the 19 th century, writer and thinker Ralph Waldo Emersonexpressed a fear that perhaps we all feel to some extent, that things are in the saddle and ride Mankind. But with the help good household reference books, friendly reference librarians, and helpful manufacturers only too willing to help consumers understand their products, we can at least get are on the technology in our homes. 31 e
Free research essays on topics related to: rod, smoke, ink, ball, 19 th century
Research essay sample on 19 Th Century Smoke Detector One
