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Example research essay topic: Committing Crimes Delinquent Acts - 2,070 words

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... operative data are available, this rate was nearly double that of Spain, which had the second highest rate in the industrialized world. This is too many this is an alarming statistic. Deterrence of criminals is not just a domestic matter it is needed all over the world.

To deter offenders or prevent criminals for repeating crimes is to save innocent lives. It is the only way for our justice system to provide justice and at the same time secure the safety of society. There have been many recent examples of deterrence being applied in the news. The New York Times covers many different stories that are related to criminal justice, and the deterrence and prevention of crime, all aver the world. This next article shows that crime is not just a U. S.

problem, and that Durkheim's and Merton's theory happen all over. New York Times Article (Johannesburg) A recent example is found in the February 27, 1998 paper in the international section on page 4. The title of the article is For Rising Crime Rate, High-Rise Jail to Match. The article is referring to the crime in Johannesburg, in South Africa.

The crime rate has risen so drastically in the last ten years so much that it has doubled. Johannesburg's government officials are so dumbfounded on the issue of crime prevention that they do not know how to stop it. They proposed to build this maximum-security prison that is a 53 stories high "dorm like penitentiary. " Mr. Silver is the person who ordered the design and says, "It will hold the worst of the worst, and there is no way for escape." However, Mr. Silver would not comment on the life style inside the prison. Sources say that there are torture stations within the basement of the skyscraper.

There are also rumors that prison officials are allowed to beat the prisoners and handle their own problems within the walls of the prison. Silver states, "prison needs to change and deter criminals, so that if they are set free they will stop others and not be repeat offenders." He then states, "Do think prison should be like a hotel?" Although this is a cruel method and one not allowed in the states, it is a very good way to show others to think twice before committing a crime that it is not a piece of cake to serve time in this prison. In the U. S, this is a big part of our Criminal Justice problems.

We need to have stronger deterrents than the existing punishments that get criminals out of jail 4 - 5 years before their sentence is up. Johannesburg seems to have the right idea about how to deter their criminals. There is an article on the second page of the February 9, 1998 edition of the New York Times that is a little alarming to the author Anthony Lewis. The Title of the article is Judge Given Arguments on Sentence for Nichols. The article is about the sentencing of Terry Nichols, who was one of the main persons involved in the Oklahoma City bombing of a Federal Building.

In addition, this article states Nichols' lawyers ask the presiding judge for Nichols to serve a maximum of six years in jail. Meanwhile the prosecutors ask for a life sentence for Nichols. Nichols killed hundreds of people with this act of violence and hatred. Anthony Lewis asks the question, "If Nichols does not get anything but life in jail or death, it will be very obvious that one can kill and be let out." It is an outrage to think a person can even imagine asking for the minimum sentence of 6 years for murdering and injuring so many innocent Americans, this only shows where the mentality of today's criminals are at. This attack is very upsetting, but more importantly it is a wake up call to the American people and justice system. Deterrence and the prevention of crime is so important that we must practice it and enforce it every day for it to work, in order to prevent another horrendous attack like the one at Oklahoma City.

We need to make cases like the Nichols case that has had so much media exposure an example, to let the people out their aware that the U. S justice system is not going to tolerate any more instances like this. Once we start to send this message to people that are thinking about commuting a crime, the message will act as a deterrent. Another article that has to do with deterrence was also in the February 9, 1998 edition of the Times. (p. A 3). It was written by Mireya Navarro, its title was Execution Without All the Attention.

The article is about the execution of a woman by the name of Karla Faye Tucker, who killed her husband with a pickax, in 1983. She was sentenced to death in February of this year in Texas. Navarro states, "Death penalty opponents had hoped that this case of Mrs. Tucker would bring a new out look on the deterrence of crime." The article also states that television and the media played a large role in convincing the country that Tucker had committed such a heinous and disgusting crime and that she dissolved the death penalty.

This case proved that the State of Texas would not tolerate criminals that commit murder. "This case is one for the good guys", said Navarro. "Everybody wants to be safe and everybody wants criminals to be put away, but sometimes out systems fails us, and thats when we need to act. We need to prove to the rest of the country that crime is not accepted here in Texas", Kate Thornton, mother of a murder victim. In order to provide a safe place to live we must prevent and deter criminals from committing crimes. The Tucker trial is a good example because of effective deference because it was so public, but justice should not only work when there is a T. V camera in the courtroom. Travis Hirschi: Causes of Delinquency Hirschi evaluated the relative validity of the three theories by administering a large questionnaire to junior and senior high school students, Hirschi also obtained school records and information from the police about which of the students had gotten into trouble.

Hirschi preferred control theory, which he defined as the view "that delinquent acts result when an individual's bond to society is weak or broken", that bond has four parts: 1) attachment to people (close relationship with parents) which makes a person sensitive to the wishes of others. 2) commitment, which means investing time and energy in a conventional line of activity (such as getting a good education) where the investment would be endangered by delinquent behavior. 3) involvement, having no opportunity to deviate because all one's time and energy is monopolized by conventional activities (extracurricular activities). 4) belief, the conviction that the norms of society are just and should be obeyed. Hirschi helps provide a solution for deterrence applied in his research towards the youth. His research evaluates, not just one but all the three theories discussed by previous sociologists. Hirschi's work showed that teenagers who shared much time with their parents and were more involved in school were less likely than other youngsters to commit delinquent acts. More students would react positively to this model, and thus it could be used as a deterrence to criminal behavior of the youth of America. New York Times Article (Policing Students) Deterrence is not only found in death penalty cases, it is also found and used in less severe cases such as young adults.

An example of this is found in a New York Times article entitled, Schools Are Moving To Police Students' Off-Campus Lives written by Tamar Lewin. This article is about school's who wanted to police their students' off-campus lives. Lewin goes into the problems of today's young people, such as drugs, gangs and today's families. He states that "Schools are, by default, what people look to. And when the Supreme Court O. K. 'd drug testing of student athletes in 1995, which is really testing for drugs that were taken outside of school, that was seen in some places as a green light for getting involved in behavior that takes place out of school." (Lewin p.

A 4) The ruling of the Supreme Court was a law that was based on deterrence. The Court wants to deter kids from doing drugs, by giving permission to the schools to tests its students. Some schools are wondering, if the drug rates in the schools that were being testing went down because of a fear of a drug test, why not try to deter kids from joining gangs and monitor their family life. Policing students off campus would make students act in accordance to the police and other authoritative figures.

The schools would be using the police as a deterrent, so the kids would act in accordance with the law and the not fear the police. It would also deter students that have already committed crimes and prevent future ones from happening. The rates of drug activity and crime in the schools that have chosen this method have gone down dramatically, and so has the amount of detention and suspension. The philosophy of deterrence is used all over the world, to instill fear into those who have thought about committing crimes and to prevent those criminals from continuing to commit crimes. Deterrence should be used in all kinds of cases but it only works when it is applied. If the Criminal Justice System refuses to apply deterrence to criminals in their cases, society will suffer.

Society will suffer in the light that it will give a green light to pre-offenders who might be thinking about committing a crime. If the justice system is being light on offenders, people will get the mindset that you can pretty much get away scot-free with a crime. Our justice system is letting us down, by giving those who kill and slay our loved ones, the opportunity to get out of jail. However, this all can be prevented if we will apply deterrence to all of our problems. Therefore, the philosophy of Deterrence is the answer to many of societies problems. 1. ) Bianchi, Herman H. 1924. Justice as Sanctuary.

Bloomington, Indiana University Press. 2. ) Cole, George F. , and Smith E. Christopher. 1996. Criminal Justice in America. Boston, Mass. : Wadsworth Publishing Company. 3. ) Cramer, James A. 1978. Preventing Crime. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. 4. ) Fried, Joseph. 1998. " 191 / 2 -Year Term Given in Killing In Racial Clash. " New York Times, February 17.

sec. A 4. 5. ) Hanley, Robert. 1998. "Three Men Are Jailed in New Jersey Sexual-Assault Case. " July 1. sec Joyce, Jon. "Police see Motorcycles as Deterrent" web Fall/ 960926 /stories / harley . html. September 26, 1996. 7. ) Lewin, Tamar. 1998. "Schools are Moving to Police Students' Off-Campus Lives. " The New York Times, March 17. Sec McNeil, Donald. 1998. "For Rising Crime Rate, High-Rise Jail to Match. " The New York Times, February 27, sec A: 4. 9. ) Navarro, Mireya. 1998. "Execution Without All the Attention. " The New York Times, February 9.

sec. A: 3. 10. ) Roth, David. 1996. "Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior. " New York Times, January 13. sec. A: 2. 11) Weather, Kevin. 1997. "Deterrence Helping Our Future. " New York Times, March 23. sec. A: 5. 12. ) "Prosecuting adolescents as adults ineffective deterrent. " web [Yahoo.

com. ]. July 19, 1998. 13. ) Berger, L. Peter 1963 Invitation to Sociology. New York, New York, Double Day Publishing. 14. ) Bainbridge, William. 1997 Sociology. Hauppauge, New York. Barron's Educational Series. 15. ) Erikson, Kia 1997 Sociological Visions.

Lanham, Maryland. Rowman & Littlefeild Publishers inc. Definition of Deterrence Page 2 Sociology of Deterrence Page 3 Robert Merton "Social Structure and Anomie" Pages 3 - 4 Introduction to Sociological Studies: Pages 4 - 6 Deterrence Online Article Page 7 Psychology and Deterrence Pages 8 - 9 New York Times Article (Johannesburg) Pages 9 - 10 New York Times Article (Nichols) Pages 10 - 11 New York Times Article (Tucker) Page 11 Travis Hirschi: Causes of Delinquency Page 12 New York Times Article (Policing Students) Page 13 Bibliography:


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Research essay sample on Committing Crimes Delinquent Acts

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