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Example research essay topic: African National Congress Racial Discrimination - 1,367 words

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About 400, 000 Americans die every year because of health problems due to smoking. 1. 5 million people quit smoking a year, but 50 million keep on going. Those 50 million people are addicted to nicotine. Nicotine addiction is when a person psychologically, physically, and socially has a compulsive need for nicotine. There is a persistent craving for the nicotine product.

Out of all the people who smoke, 80 % started before the age of 21. This means that you are more likely to start smoking as a teenager than any other age. It would follow that teenagers are more susceptible to the addiction. How do we prevent teens from staring to smoke. I feel that prevention starts in the home. Teach your kids about how harmful tobacco is from an early age.

If you suspect your son or daughter of smoking take it seriously. Stop them before its too late. Teaching of the effects of cigarette smoking is a must. Tell them that about 400, 00 Americans die every year because of health problems due to smoking. The second part of prevention takes place in our government. Stricter fines for sales to minors would help out allot.

If there were also laws about underage smoking in public more teens would think twice about smoking. In the end all of this would help deplete the smoking population. Once a teen is addicted, at such a young age breaking the addiction is more difficult. Teenagers are adolescents and their minds are still developing. The task of breaking an addiction requires a mature, responsible and dedicated intellect. It is for this reason that smoking in teens should be treated like any other drug addiction.

Alcohol and drug addiction is treated with a very controlled and monitored therapeutic program. High schools should run programs that involve counseling and group sessions for cigarette addicts. Emphasis has to be placed on self-responsibility and behavior modification. As with drug addicts recovery has to be an on going process. One out of every six deaths each year are due to smoking. Why smoke and raise your chances of contracting Emphysema, Lung Cancer, chronic Bronchitis, or one of the many other smoking related illnesses.

Canada is still correcting unjust treatment of our Aboriginal citizens, and the end is not yet in sight. However, Canada has a better record, than another former British colony, South Africa. For 250 years, South African treatment of its original peoples, was an international shame. "Apartheid" meaning 'separateness' was the law and the policy of South Africa that defined an evil, racist system of denying the rights of non-white people in the country. Apartheid created a nation where a minority of white citizens enjoyed prosperity and health, by dominating 5 times as many non-whites.

The whites kept the non-whites poor, malnourished, poorly educated and without even the basic rights and freedoms that all Canadians are guar-agreed. Apartheid - 'separateness' - made South Africa separate - shunned by much of the civilized world as a police state as hateful as any in world history for anyone but white citizens... Apartheid laws 'sorted' people in terms of racial origin, to ensure white citizens got "the best land, the best jobs, the best social services; all other races got the leftovers" according to a 1989 Canadian Government report, South Africa has changed in just a few years... the first election to allow all citizens to vote for a new government and a new system came took place only in 1994, after decades of racial injustice. That first free, all-race election chose a black man, Nelson Manila, elected President of South Africa... after he spent 26 years in jail, for opposing the 'apartheid' of the former white supremacist government.

South Africa's reform came very slowly and painfully, after many years of widespread injustice, racial discrimination, bloodshed, and violence against its non-white citizens. Non-violent resistance, combined with organized underground sabotage and terrorism by the African National Congress in 1961. ANC leader Nelson Manila was sentenced to life in prison for sabotage in 1964. Government crackdowns defeated the underground... until a rebellion in Soweto was crushed by the South African forces with heavy loss of life, in 1976. An unsuccessful bid to invade neighbouring Angola at the same time led to a recession in South Africa, for which the government was blamed.

The problem began 250 years ago. The first European (white) settlers came to South Africa in the 17 th century, and began treating non-white people as sub-human. Black Africans had lived there for thousands of years. The discovery of wealth, especially gold and diamonds, brought the might of the British Empire to South Africa, and the racist policies that denied non-white their basic human rights, grew stronger. "White Power" took hold, when Britain handed over power to the white minority of South Africa in 1910.

The whites immediately began writing laws to guarantee their control. Non-whites were not allowed to vote. In 1947, another white supremacist government was elected. announcing an official policy of 'apartheid' or separation, with more unjust laws. The nightmare ended more than 40 years later. The white supremacists saw they had lost their power to control.

The huge non-white majority was able to vote for the first time. A United Nations report, written during the 1960 s, begins by saying the issue had been discussed by the UN since it was formed in 1946. The report mentions old complaints filed by both India and Pakistan, about South African laws that discriminated against South African citi-zens of Indian or Pakistani decent. The UN report does not mention Mahatma Ghandi.

Ghandi, a British-educated lawyer born in India, moved to South Africa in 1893, a century before the end of apartheid. Ghandi lived there for twenty-one years, protesting the racial discrimination he faced. Seeking his legal rights as a British subject in British-ruled South Africa, Ghandi organized "civil disobedience" protests against racial discrimination, for example, a strike among Indian miners. Ghandi won only minor reforms in South Africa, despite being arrested many times. Ironically, Ghandi won British medals, as a medic during the Boer War and the Zulu Rebellion, in South Africa. Ghandi left South Africa, without solving its racial problems.

He went home to India, in the 1920 s, where he led non-violent protests to end British rule over In-dia and Pakistan. British colonial rule was responsible for the problems of Aboriginal people in Canada, India and South Africa. A SHAMEFUL RECORD: CANADA AND THE WORLD So-called 'world opinion' officially opposed South African racism. The actual changes came at least partly because many average people would not buy things from South Africa... an attack on white South African wallets.

Although the United Nations urged other countries not to do business with South Africa, many countries did not support the policy fully. Can-ada officially opposed apartheid, but Canadian purchases from South Af-rica grew. In 1970, Canada imported $ 46 Million Dollars worth of goods from South Africa. By 1980, Canada buying had increased to over $ 388 Million dollars. For example, the Manitoba Government ignored apartheid, and bought South African wine to sell in Liquor Control Commission stores. At that time, doing business with South Africa still supported the evils of apartheid - even though South Africa bought much less from Canada, in return Real change began slowly when a new Prime Minister, P.

W. Botha, was picked in 1978 to try to preserve white power, by 'modernizing' apart-heid, easing some laws, with a new South African Constitution in 1984. When that proved to be too little, too late, Botha held a historic meeting with African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela (who was still imprisoned until 1990). Botha was forced out of office, and F. W. de Clerk became Prime Minister in 1989, to begin the official end of apart-heid.

Mandela and de Klerk shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize, for working together to end the civil rights abuse of non-white South Africans. They organized the 1994 all-race election of a new government under Man-dela. de Klerk was a member of the new government, helped write a new Constitution in 1996, and then resigned to lead the official Opposition. In a 1960 s re...


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Research essay sample on African National Congress Racial Discrimination

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