NOTE: Free essay sample provided on this page should be used for references or sample purposes only. The sample essay is available to anyone, so any direct quoting without mentioning the source will be considered plagiarism by schools, colleges and universities that use plagiarism detection software. To get a completely brand-new, plagiarism-free essay, please use our essay writing service.
One click instant price quote
On December 15, 1890 authorities feared that the Sioux's new Ghost Dance? religion might inspire an uprising. Sitting Bull permitted Grand River people to join the anti white Ghost Dance cult and was therefore arrested by troops. In the fracas that followed, he was shot twice in the head. Sitting Bull followers were apprehended and brought to the U. S Army Camp at Wounded Knee Creek in southwestern South Dakota.
Moving among the tipi's, soldiers lifted womens dresses and touched their private parts, ripping from them essential cooking and sewing utensils. The men sitting in the council heard the angry shrieks of their wives, mothers, and daughters. Several Lakota, offended by the abusive actions of the cavalry, stubbornly waited to have their weapons taken from them. It was a show of honor in front of their elders, for few of them were old enough to have fought in the Indian Wars fifteen years before. That night, everyone was tired out by the hard trip. James As, a Pine Ridge trader and whiskey runner, brought a ten-gallon keg of whiskey to the Seventh Cavalry officers.
Many of the Indian men were kept up all night by the drunken Cavalry where the soldiers kept asking them how old they were. The soldiers were hoping to discover which of the men had been at the Battle of Little Bighorn where Custer was killed. On the bitterly cold morning of December 29, 1890, Alice Ghost Horse, a thirteen- year old Lakota girl rode her horse through the U. S Army camp looking for her father, one of the Indian men who had been rounded up earlier that day. Less than fifty yards away she could see her father sitting on the ground with other disarmed men from Chief Big Foots band, surrounded by more than 500 heavily armed soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry. She looked North up the hill where four guns on wheels were mounted.
Troopers watched silently on each side of the Hotchkiss battery. To one side Alice noticed a familiar figure standing with hands raised above his head, his arms turned upward in prayer. It was the medicine man by the name of Yellow Bird. He stood facing the east, right by the fire pit which was now covered with dirt. He was praying and crying. He was saying to the spotted eagles that he wanted to die instead of his people.
He must have sense that something was going to happen. He picked up some dirt from the fire place and threw it up in the air and said, This is the way I want to go, back to dust. Seventh Cavalry interpreter Phillip F. Wells, whose knowledge of the Lakota language was poor, later told military investigators that a man named Yellow Bird stood up at Wounded Knee and deliberately incited the Lakota to fight. Colonel Forsyth gave a bizarre order: each soldier was told to aim his unloaded gun at an Indians forehead and to pull the trigger. After Wells translated the demeaning order to the astonished Lakota, they could not comprehend this foolishness.
Looking at each other, their faces grew wild with fear. Alice then saw two or three sergeants grab a deaf man named Black Coyote who had yet to be disarmed. His friends had been so busy talking that they had left him uniformed. The soldiers tore off his blanket, roughly twirling him around.
He raised his rifle above his head to keep it away from them. In the midst of yelling, jerking, and twisting, the struggle ended unexpectedly when the rifle pointed toward the east end discharged in the crisp morning air. Lieutenant James Mann screamed, Fire! Fire on them! On command the troops opened fire in an explosive volley, enclosing both attackers and victims in a dark curtain of pungent smoke. That day over three hundred elderly men, women, and children, all disarmed were brutally murdered.
After the genocidal procedure occurred, a blizzard hit, and it was on the forth day that search parties were sent out to bury the dead. A newspaper reporter accompanying the burial party described the first body they found as that of a male about twelve years old. The boy had been shot. He was wearing a ghost shirt embodied with an eagle, buffalo, and morning-star insignia.
They believed that these symbols of powerful spirits would protect them from the soldiers bullets. Many of the wounded survivors later died or were secretly carried away in the night by Lakota from other bands. The dead were buried in hidden locations, and carefully concealed from federal officials who later underestimated the death toll at 146, over two hundred less than the actual number butchered an their own land. The frozen bodies were taken to the top of the hill overlooking the valley where they had died.
Gravediggers carved a gaping hole form the earth, six feet deep, ten wide, sixty long. When the orders were given to bury the first load, three soldiers jumped into the grave and each corpse was given to them one at a time. They stripped them of all salable articles from the bodies as if they were skinning rabbits. Without prayer services of any kind, the Lakota dead were layered in a mass grave, first one naked row across the bottom of the trench, and old army blankets were placed over them, then another row of limp bodies lengthwise. And so on they continued until the last mound of dirt was shoveled on. BIA Takeover In 1968, the Indian activist group known as AIM was born.
The actual founding members remain unknown, but Dennis Banks, Clyde Belle court, and George Miller were prominent in its foundation. The group was initially organized to deal with discriminatory practices of the police in the arrest of Indians and to fight for the rights of American Indians. In November 1972, members of AIM marched and protested in front of the White House in Washington D. C. They had come to complain about the treatment of the bureau towards them. The group of over 500 then decided to take over the BIA building.
During the instrumental week-long occupation, the Indians comfortably settled in the building. Cooking, dishwashing, and cleaning was organized. Guards were appointed and children were looked after. This was amazing considering the amount of people in the building.
Then the inevitable arrival of the police surrounded the building. Uniformed in riot gear, the police began to beat Indians standing around the vicinity and haul them to jail. A rainstorm of office materials were thrown at the police. Many were discouraged and kept their distance from the entrance. Inside the building, it was not totally chaotic but somewhat of an organized confusion. Women and children ran for safety and the brave grasp various weapons and stood their ground.
Many were prepared to die in the confrontation. Indian Reorganization Act The Indian Reorganization Act, a major reform of U. S policy toward American Indians, was enacted by Congress on June 18, 1934 as a result of a decade of criticism of conditions on the reservations. It forbade the further allotment of tribal lands to individual Indians. It destroyed the old, traditional form of Indian self- government.
Power was mainly left to half-blood tribal presidents whose alliance was mainly to the U. S government. Dicky Wilson was the worst of this type. He was accused of illegally converting tribal funds and having people beaten and murdered.
He also had Russel Means, a AIM leader, beaten up and sent to the hospital. After that situation, AIM decided to fight back. Siege of Wounded Knee In February 1973, members of AIM gathered around a courthouse to attend the trial of Well Bad Heart who had been stabbed to death by a white man. Not surprisingly, the murderer was acquitted. The group refused to accept the decision.
The coiled tension was about to be released by the abusive actions of the police. Troopers used an array of riot weapons to control the masses. Indians set buildings on fire and broke into stores. The fighting lasted till mid afternoon. The group then decided to head to Wounded Knee, an Oglala Sioux hamlet on the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota. Everyone began setting up tents and making bunkers around the Sacred Heart Church.
Only a few had rifles and there was only one automatic weapon an AK- 47. Many stood silent as they stood on where many of there people were butchered. Around the vicinity stood the Gildersleeve Trading Post and Sacred Heart Church. Both had been de secretions of the slaughtered Indians from the Original Battle of Wounded Knee.
There was a store that sold postcards with the images of the dead corpses. The church that overlooked the valley was taken over by the Indians. They stormed in and began to dance Indian fashion. A FBI car arrived to monitor their actions. We challenged them to repeat the massacre that occurred almost a hundred years ago. During the ten-week long takeover at Wounded Knee, the time was mostly past in boredom.
Women were sent to stores to buy food while others prepared it. The brave and strong women carried weapons. A white mans home became a hospital ran by woman. More and more feds arrived to surround the area and some shot at people. Some were strolling around in armored vehicles others walked through the vicinity with attack dogs.
Reporters and politicians had also arrived. When food became short, they began hunting for elks and bulls. One day a plane flew through and dropped four hundred pounds of food. Everyone began to swarm around it and unpack it.
It was filled with powdered milk, beans, flour, rice, coffee, bandages, vitamins, and antibiotics. Two Indians were dead and many were injured. When an Indian was shot at and badly hurt, they asked the feds to cease fire. They began to wave a white flag. The two thousand Indians had stood their ground at Wounded Knee.
Free research essays on topics related to: u s army, women and children, pine ridge, sitting bull, wounded knee
Research essay sample on U S Army Women And Children
