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Example research essay topic: Martin Luther King Jr Civil Rights Movement - 1,043 words

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The Black Civil Rights movement in the 1950 s and 60 s was a political, legal and social struggle of the black Americans to gain full citizenship rights and to achieve racial equality. The black struggle for Civil Rights was very hard. No group in America has or has had more difficulty assimilating into the American Culture. Segregation was started by white American southerners to separate everything between the blacks and the whites. It was also knows as the Jim Crow system and became common to the southern.

Everything possible was separated between the blacks and the whites; schools, toilet, transportation, restaurants were all separated, the blacks were poorly funded compared to the whites (Branch 72). The black people tried to fight discrimination against them whenever possible. The most significant one during the early 50 s was the Montgomery Bus Boycott in Alabama led by Martin Luther King. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was told to give up her seat on a city bus to a white person (Hampton 13). When she refuses, she was arrested which caused protest by the black community. Martin Luther King at that time was president of the Montgomery Improvement Association, which organized the protest.

These activities included marches, demonstrations, and boycotts. The violent white response to black direct action eventually forced the federal government to confront the issues of injustice and racism in the South. It made him a national figure for fighting the rights of the Black Americans. Civil rights proved to be the crucial test of the l 960 s. Leadership came from black political and religious organizations such as the Congress on Racial Equality, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and Martin Luther Kings Southern Christian Leadership Council Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and other forms of nonviolent protest became the weapons to fight segregation. Over 200, 000 men and women joined a freedom march all over America to Washington D.

C on August 28 th, 1963. It was to show their support for a Civil Rights Bill. Martin Luther King, Jr. , delivered his speech to the civil rights supporters. The I Have a Dream speech was delivered in front of the giant sculpture of the Great Emancipator, Abraham Lincoln, who became famous for how it expressed the ideals of the civil rights movement (King 7).

President Kennedy proposed a new civil rights law after the big march. President Kennedy committed himself to a civil rights bill, but was assassinated in Dallas. In 1965, King and other black leaders wanted to push beyond social integration, now guaranteed under the previous years civil rights law, to political rights, mainly Southern blacks rights to register and vote. King picked a tough Alabama town to tackle: Selma, where only 1 % of eligible black voters were registered to vote. The violence, the march, the excitement all contributed to the passage of the second landmark civil rights act of the decade. Even though there was horrendous violence, rev.

king announced that as a matter of conscience and in an attempt to arouse the deepest concern of the nation, he was compelled to lead another march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama (King 19). The four-day, 54 -mile march started on the afternoon of Sunday, March 21, 1965, with some 3500 marchers led by two Nobel prize winners, the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. And Ralph bunche, then UN Under secretary for special political affairs. In the march, whites, Negroes, clergymen and beatniks, old and young, walked side by side. President Johnson made sure they had plenty of protection this time with 1000 military police, 1900 federalized Alabama national guardsmen, and platoons of u.

s. Marshals and FBI men. When the marchers reached the capital of Alabama, they were to have presented a petition to then governor George Wallace protesting voting discrimination. However, when they arrived, the governors aides came out and said, the capital is closed today. Lyndon Johnson, the president after JFK and a Southerner honored Kennedys commitment by passing a broad Civil Rights Act in l 964 and a Voting Rights Act in l 965. It prohibited segregation in public accommodations and discrimination in education and employment.

It also gave the executive branch of government the power to enforce the acts provisions (Fend rich 165). The civil rights movement ended in 1968 with the death of Martin Luther King, Jr. to some activists Others have said it was over after the Selma march, because after Selma the movement ceased to achieve significant change. Some blacks argue that the movement is not over yet because the goal of full equality has not been achieved. Racial problems clearly still existed in the United States after Kings assassination in 1968.

Urban poverty represented a continuing and worsening problem and remained disproportionately high among blacks. Another issue was whether equal opportunity for blacks is possible, an issue which affirmative-action programs attempted to address. Unfortunately, the thing that really moved the civil rights movement along significantly was the murder of rev. Martin Luther king, Jr. in late 1965.

Cruelty replaced harmony with nightmarish suddenness. Rioting mobs in the Negro suburb of watts, California, pillaged, burned and killed, while 500 policemen and 5000 national guardsmen struggled in vain to contain their fury. Hour after hour, the toll mounted: 27 dead at the weeks end, nearly 600 injured, 1700 arrested, and property damage well over $ 100 million (North Carolina and the fate of Black Schools in the South). The good that came out of all of this, is that thousands of Negroes were flocking to register in the nine counties in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi where the government posted federal examiners to uphold the voting law.

In four days, 6, 998 Negro voters were added to the rolls in counties where there had previously been only 3, 857. Although full equality has not yet been reached, the civil rights movement did put fundamental reforms in place. Legal segregation as a system of racial control was dismantled, and blacks were no longer subject to the humiliation of Jim Crow laws. Public institutions were opened to all.

Blacks achieved the right to vote and the influence that went with that right in a democracy. All which were worth it to fight towards racial equality (King 184).


Free research essays on topics related to: martin luther king jr, racial equality, civil rights bill, civil rights movement, civil rights act

Research essay sample on Martin Luther King Jr Civil Rights Movement

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