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Example research essay topic: Clean Water Act Million Acres - 982 words

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Our nation and planet face many problems. Some are of great immediate significance and others we are just beginning to understand the depth of. The preservation of our nations wetlands seems to fit the second category. This paper will deal with what the author considers to be a three part problem.

First, defining wetlands, and explaining the controversy that surrounds them. Second, fixing the legal issues dealing with wetland regulation. Finally, learning how to communicate to the general public what is Wetlands are lowlands which are waterlogged or covered with shallow or temporary waters. They may be marshes, swamps, bogs, fens, wet meadows, potholes, sloughs, or river-overflow lands (Cowardin). Wetlands are a natural resource, supporting a vast and diverse range of plant and animal life, the full value of which is only beginning to be accounted. Settlers of the New World did not at first seek out the generous endowment of wetlands they found on this continent and generally regarded them as "wastelands", an epithet which persists in the minds of many people today (Key).

Although the pace of exploitation of wetland resources perhaps did not parallel that of the felling of virgin timber or the breaking of the prairies, they now constitute one of the last frontiers of unutilized land and, for this reason, are dwindling in acreage faster than any other ecological system. The original wetland assets of the United States are estimated to have been 127 million acres, of which about 115 million acres were lost to drainage, filling, or flooding by 1955 (Lyons). (Much of this 127 million acres was located around the Gulf Coast area. ) There still remains a body of this habitat of sufficient diversity and distribution to support a continental waterfowl population, various fur animals, farm and forest game, and warm-water fish of great economic and social value, as well as a rich natural reservoir of water, irreplaceable natural classrooms and laboratories, and a vast reserve of food (Cowardin). Because they are subject to increasingly pressing claims from agriculture- culture, industry, recreation and wildlife, wetlands are becoming the focus of much controversy. Tension between exploitation, destruction and preservation interests is mounting, and the question of their most advantageous use has become on ecological and economic problem of high priority, requiring scientific evaluation of both short-term and long-term human needs and land capabilities, It is also a crucial ethical problem demanding intelligent consideration of the needs of our successors. For many years both private and governmental agencies have purchased and managed wetlands for public hunting grounds, waterfowl preserves, and the preservation of fish spawning areas. Certain wetlands, because of their representative or unique biotic communities, have been sat aside as scientific reserves (Cowardin).

In addition to these specific activities, these groups along with the scientific community have sought to identify other conservation values, associated with wetlands, requiring preservation for the The evaluation of these "conservation values" is at the heart of the wetlands debate. What constitutes a need to set aside certain pieces of land For each group that wants to preserve our nation's wetlands there are two that want to exploit them. The main drive behind this exploitation "movement" is money. There are many economic benefits to be gained from the exploitation of our wetlands. The waterfowl, fish, and animals that preservationists strive to protect are the same ones that exploiters wish to reap Many do not see the inherent value in preserving any natural unique ecosystem. They do not understand, or accept that in order for life to continue flourishing on our planet, we need to protect as much natural diversity as Land Owners and developers who wish to carry out activities in wetland areas must cut through an obstacle course of red tape and laws before being approved for an activity.

Federal wetland approvals can not be attained unless a state wetland permit approval has been secured. State and federal law may require a certification of water quality, environmental impact assessment, wetland ordinances compliance and compliance with coastal management. Each state's regulatory scheme varies (Ross). It is necessary to determine the appropriate procedures when applying for a statewide permit. Minimal regulation may be required in some states, while in other states the regulation is stringent. Many states have given authority to local governments to regulate wetlands.

When municipalities enact local wetland ordinances, an enabling law is usually passed that contains certain standards that must be maintained. To determine if a project is subject to state wetland regulation, the landowner should consult state wetland maps (Ross). Under the Clean Water Act, the secretary of the Army may issue permits for the discharge of dredged fill mater into wetlands (Cowardin). The process for applying for a permit is complex.

The requirement for dredge and fill permits under the section 404 of the Clean Water Act applies to any private or governmental individual although there are some exemptions. The next step in the process involves obtaining a permit application. The application requirements are met when the following information is provided: 1) a complete description of the proposed activity. 2) The location, purpose and need for the proposed activity. 3) Scheduling of the activity. 4) The names addresses of adjacent structures. 6) A list of authorizations required by other federal, interstate, state or local agencies for the work. 7) Preliminary jurisdictional determination. 8) Signature (Davenport). A controversial application requirement is contained in Corps regulation. "All activities which the plans to undertake which are reasonably related to the same project and for which a SA [Corps] permit would be required should be included in the same permit application. " There has been disagreement as to what constitutes "reasonably" related projects (Cowardin). Applicants many times submit separate applications for two related projects and escape scrutiny. In Russo Development Corp v.

Thomas, a court rejected the Corps attempt to require separate properties on the basis that they were cont...


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Research essay sample on Clean Water Act Million Acres

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