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Example research essay topic: People With Depression Auditory Hallucinations - 1,266 words

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Schizophrenia There are many psychological disorders and diseases that affect todays families. One particular disease is schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is quite common in mental hospitals; however, until recently, the disease was a mystery to the medical society. Although it is a cruel disease, there are rays of hope, such as, research, treatment, and the organizations of families and friends. Along with being a mystery to the medical community, schizophrenia is also a mystery to society in general. Few people are familiar with the disease in detail.

Researchers are now working toward making everyone aware of the disease. What exactly is schizophrenia? Few people can answer that question in detail. Most would simply answer that it was a disease when a person had two personalities. Schizophrenia is a brain disease that tends to run in families.

Family members have a 10 percent chance of getting the disease. According to researchers, schizophrenia is a combination of more than one disease. There is no way in which schizophrenia can be reliably measured. There is, however, a proposed list of symptoms, which point strongly toward schizophrenia as the diagnosis. Some of the symptoms are: auditory hallucinations where ones thoughts are spoken aloud, auditory hallucinations in which two voices are arguing, hallucinations of touch, withdrawal of thoughts, insertion of thoughts, insertion of feelings by others, insertion of irresistible impulses, feeling that ones actions are controlled by others, delusions of perception, and auditory hallucinations with voices commenting on ones actions. According to studies, at least 75 percent of schizophrenic patients have one or more of these symptoms.

However, diagnosis can only take place when the following standards have been met: illness symptoms lasting for at least six months, deterioration in everyday function, disease began before the age of 45, symptoms do not suggest mental disorders or retardation, and symptoms do not suggest the presence of a manic-depressive illness, delusions, or hallucinations. According to Cutting (1995), the lack of common sense in schizophrenic patients results from three interrelated problems. Firstly, they do not hold the same constant set of beliefs about the world, which we normally take for granted by people. Secondly, they are unable to understand how other people feel or think about a particular matter due to their trouble in separating reality from fantasy. This makes schizophrenic patients appear to be irrational.

Thirdly, their judgment about the likelihood of events is impaired as their mental processes are weakened. Cutting proves that schizophrenic patients are multi-faced. Nevertheless, their social cognitive schemata are not all affected and this is the most persistent impairment (Cutting, 1995). Schemata are the stored memory of earlier experiences that allows for fast unconscious processing of a lot of information. They usually reduce the demands on the limited capacity system of conscious information processing.

Several factors can cause schizophrenia. First, it can run in the family. In addition, the disease is caused by a problem with the limbic system and its connections. Thirdly, some cases begin with the disease very early in life, perhaps even before birth. However, the symptoms of schizophrenia may not appear until later in life. The fact that schizophrenia runs in the family has been proven beyond doubt.

Many theories have been explored as to just how this is transmitted to family members. It is believed that viruses, dietary factors, or even common childhood experiences could pass the disease from generation to generation. The theory that schizophrenia is transmitted by genes has not yet been proved. Diseases of the brain, like schizophrenia, which affect the limbic system, are more likely to produce schizophrenic-like symptoms.

The strongest bit of evidence connecting the limbic system to schizophrenia results from studies of the electrical activity of the brain. ! There are also some cases, which suggest that the disease is caused by damage to the brain during early childhood or even in the womb. Since 1935, reports have shown that individuals with schizophrenia have unusual fingerprint and palm-print patterns. In the past, it was thought that the design of fingerprints was determined entirely by genetics. However, it is now known that disturbances in the first few months of a babys development in the womb can alter the fingerprint pattern. Not only are the effects of schizophrenia hard on the individual who has the disease, but they are also hard on the family and friends of the individual.

Schizophrenia is one of the most important public health problems. This disease is a very common, devastating, and tragic mental illness that most often strikes youth people right when they are maturing into adulthood. Once it strikes, morbidity and mortality become high. Sixty percent of patients receive disability benefits within the first year after diagnosis. The suicide rate for schizophrenic patients is 10 percent. Statistics like these are very scary but real.

Schizophrenia is everywhere and it is often misunderstood. The medical profession as well as the public characterizes people with the disease. Recent studies on patient suicide revealed that 40 % reported suicidal ideation. Twenty-three percent of the patients reported suicide attempts and 6. 4 % died from suicide. The patients who died from suicide had less severe symptoms than patients without suicidal behaviors did. However, suspiciousness and delusions, two symptoms considered positive, were more severe among successful suicides.

The schizophrenic patients who are in the paranoid subtype are associated with a high 12 % risk of suicide. The deficit subtype was connected with a low risk of 1. 5 %. These statistics suggest that negative symptoms like diminished drive, blunted affect, and social and emotional withdrawal, do not affect the desire of suicide in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The deficit schizophrenia subtype describes a group of patients who have a low risk for suicide.

Suspiciousness, which thrives in the absence of negative symptoms, describes the somewhat elevated risk group. Sadly enough, recent studies have shown that by the year 2025, mental illnesses will be the worlds biggest killers. Disturbing statistics like this help spark efforts by the medical community to find a cure and a definite cause. Another result of schizophrenia that can be harmful to those patients who have it is depression. Without proper treatment, a major depressive episode can last between 6 and 12 months. However, in between these episodes, the patient can feel completely normal and well.

They may not even notice any symptoms. Although some people with depression can go without treatment, most find it easier to receive help. Treatment for depression is important because: early treatment may prevent severity, thoughts of suicide may go away, those in between depression episodes may feel completely well, 1 out of 4 people with depression will still experience some symptoms during episodes which can lead to severity if not treated, and treatment can prevent persistent depression. Research has found that the more episodes of depression a person has, the more likely they are to have another. Schizophrenia is a terrible disease, which is hard on the individual as well as their family members and friends. Although little was known in the past about schizophrenia, it has recently become less of a mystery.

Research, treatment, and family and friend organizations provide rays of hope to patients with this cruel disease. Because of the unfamiliarity of the disease to the public, extensive research is being done to inform and advise society as a whole. Bibliography: The Ego and the Id, Dr. Charles, A. & Dr. Cutting, J. (1995) Schizophrenia: Understand and Coping With the Illness, Dr. Lintner, B.

San Francisco: Thorsons, (1996) Living With Schizophrenia, Dr. Martins son, United Kingdom: Vermilion (1986) Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, (winter 2001)


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Research essay sample on People With Depression Auditory Hallucinations

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