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Psychological Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Child maltreatment causes number of behavioral and emotional disorders that greatly influences the development of personality of a person. Numerous studies conducted at schools (sometimes in colleges in many cases it is hard for a person with serious psychological disorders to enter it) suggest that especially these types of disorders are responsible for development of antisocial behavior by an individual or create problems with education. Child maltreatment is one of the main reasons for aggressive attitudes that are developed by adolescents, especially by males, who tend to display increased anger, delinquency, and abuse. In many cases, children who have been abused and neglected by their parents, friends, and society, are losing their sense of faith in the future.
Systematic beating, emotional attacks, lack of attention, social and academic problems lead towards the loss of the enthusiasm in life and loss of self-esteem. Maltreated children tend to become introverted, to distrust other people and to develop suspicious type of behavior that may result into previously mentioned psychological disorders. Parental abuse is very common type of maltreatment that greatly influences the development of a childs personality. This involves the lack of attention and understanding that a child is given, violent attacks on the child and constant disrespect. Continuous quarrels between parents make children to hate the family. Parental abuse leads to the point that a child starts to realize its unworthiness and develops distrust and fear of parents.
Besides parental abuse, many social problems that still exist in our society are also important reasons for child maltreatment. The lack of money or social instability often causes the anger of parents, who are not able to solve their financial problems. In the state of emotional stress, they usually start blaming own children without exactly knowing for what. Home that is loaded with aggression, dissatisfaction, and violence becomes the place of antisocial personality development. Maltreated children typically view themselves as worthless and unneeded beings in this world, which usually results into behavioral disorders.
Another reason that usually can cause emotional and psychological disorders among adolescence can be Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is a debilitating condition that follows a terrifying event (Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1999). Often, people with PTSD have persistent frightening thoughts and memories of their ordeal and feel emotionally numb, especially with people they were once close to. PTSD once referred to as shell shock or battle fatigue, was first brought to public attention by war veterans, but it can result from any number of traumatic incidents. These include kidnapping, serious accidents such as car or train wrecks, natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes, violent attacks such as a mugging, rape, or torture, or being held captive. A good example can be also terrorist attacks on the New York Trade Center.
Some children had experience severe shock, which caused psychological disorders. One of the most common psychological disorders that students might suffer from is social anxiety. Social anxiety is the fear of social situations and fear of interactions with other people that can bring on feelings of self-consciousness, judgment, evaluation, and criticism. In other words, social anxiety is the fear and anxiety of being judged, evaluated negatively by other people, which leads to feelings of inadequacy, embarrassment, humiliation, and depression. A person in many cases becomes anxious in social situations, however when being alone feels fine.
Constant feeling that people are observing and judging makes a person to change his or her behavior. This often brings a person even to more awkward situation, especially, when it seems that people have noticed this change. The interesting fact is that approximately 7 % of Americans suffer from some degree of social anxiety (web). There are many symptoms of social anxiety, which would be hard to list, but the most severe are panic attacks.
An individual starts to panic, while he or she supposes that something in his or her social contact went wrong and this can result the loss of control, lack of faith in own abilities and a drive to escape somewhere. Sometimes a person can get very confused without knowing what to do next. A person who suffers from this disorder may loose own identity or just may be afraid to show it. Social anxiety influences the performance of a person. Social anxiety not only influences the understanding of material, but also directly enables a person to some extent to receive new knowledge.
Therefore, if new skills and knowledge are not acquired, a person lacking vital material becomes nervous during different group projects and class participations, which are aimed for practicing and using the material or skill in order to improve the knowledge of a subject. Therefore, a person simply does not acquire good knowledge. Moreover, during exam the person suffering from social anxiety starts to panic and eventually picks incorrect answers due to the lack of knowledge and concentration. Final grade in the majority of cases depends mainly on exams, tests, group projects, and essays. Eventually, a student suffering from social anxiety will have low grades in all these assignments, which will result into overall poor final grade. If to take into account that in order to receive a degree there is a minimum GPA level, which consists of all final grades, then simply all the failures of a student in each small assignment will result into low GPA, which was needed to prove.
Therefore, social anxiety directly influences academic performance. Besides, the higher is social anxiety the lover academic performance will be. ADHD is also quite common psychological disorder among students. For instance, children with ADHD have been shown to have more specific deficits in their ability to participate, cooperate, and communicate with peers (Fredrick & Olmi, 1994). Among preschoolers with ADHD, social cooperation skills seem to be the largest deficit area (Merrell & Wolfe, 1998), whereas ADHD children with comorbid learning disabilities have difficulty perceiving nonverbal cues (Hall, Peterson, Webster, Bolen, & Brown, 1999). Academic performance is tightly related with study skills.
In many cases a student might possess good skills and is supposed to have good grades, however, due to psychological disorders might have trouble with motivation. Perhaps the most prevalent or at least the most researched form of procrastination is academic procrastination. Over 70 % of college students may procrastinate (Ellis and Knaus 1977). Students tend to procrastinate more in writing tasks than in examination study, and least in administrative tasks (Solomon and Rothblum 1984). The protection of self-esteem leads to procrastination. A student starts claiming that some negative aspect in education is not failure in own abilities, but rather it is because of lack of trying.
For some students it is possible to become addicted to completion of tasks at the last minute. The stress and sleep deprivation are obtained in rush situations, but also an ego boost from successful completion of the task. Often this is followed by post-completion relief; partying, dis inhibitory behavior, alcohol or drugs. This becomes a vicious cycle of concomitant substance abuse (Ferrari 1995). In all cases, procrastination causes anxiety, affects their grades and their life, and sometimes can even lead toward development of new emotional disorders. Bibliography: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1999 Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, winter 2001 (Fredrick & Olmi, 1994) (Merrell & Wolfe, 1998) (Hall, Peterson, Webster, Bolen, & Brown, 1999) Psychoanalytic Review, 80 (Ellis and Knaus 1977) (Solomon and Rothblum 1984) (Ferrari 1995) web web The Anxiety and Phobia Workbook, II Ed.
By Edmund J. Bourne, Edmund Bourne Published by New Harbinger, 1995 Strain Theory and School Crime, Agnew, R. , Sally Smith Ed. 2000
Free research essays on topics related to: child and adolescent psychiatry, social anxiety, american academy of child, psychological disorders, greatly influences
Research essay sample on Child And Adolescent Psychiatry American Academy Of Child
