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Example research essay topic: Alexander Hamilton Benjamin Franklin - 1,194 words

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For hundreds of years there has been establishing inequality in the relations between men and women (gender discrimination) and inequality in the relations of people belonging to different races (race discrimination). First of all, lets briefly examine what do race issues and gender issues mean. As defined by different encyclopedias, race issues covers race, racism, racism hatred and affirmative action. Racism is a social prejudice.

Racism exists in relation to group of people and is based on physical characteristics (skin pigmentation, typical features, hair texture, speech, manners and other ethnic characteristics that are easily noticed and dont reflect biologically important qualities such as ability or capability). Racism is an ideology, which uses formal difference as a basic reason to refuse in equal attitude toward certain group of people based on so-called scientific, biological, ethical or moral characteristics. Racists consider those people primarily being inferior. There is a direct interrelation between the racism and slavery.

Well examine attitude of Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams within the limits of both racism and slavery. Affirmative action is a complex of positive measures directed to liquidate discrimination by allocating resources and jobs to members of specific groups, such as minorities and / or women. The discrimination can be based on different social features, such as color, sex (women at work), nationality, race, etc. In such a way, Affirmative action is the policy of equal opportunities. Gender issues include gender roles and sex equality. Only by 1960 s women came to the understanding of their need and right to be equal with men.

Such notion, signifying womens struggle for equal rights as feminism appeared. There exist three types of feminism: liberal, radical and black. Liberal feminism tends to change society by ensuring rights through legislation and policy and does not regard women's subordination as part of a larger system or structure. Radical feminism does not connect gender inequality with social class, but regards the dominance of men over women seizing society on all levels, including interpersonal. Black feminism argues the main feminist schools of thought dont take into consideration race and that is why it focuses on the particular problems facing black women. Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790) is a well-known philosopher, scientist, public leader and one of the greatest citizens of his country.

Lord Chat called him the man who brought honor not only to the English nation, but to the whole mankind. As defined by Britannica Encyclopedia Online, freedom is the condition of being free of restraints. Freedom means being free from slavery, detention, or oppression; it means political independence; it also means the capacity to exercise free will and right for free choice without any control or interference. Although Ben Franklin didnt speak much about race and gender issues in particular, his whole life can be called a brilliant attempt to assure freedom and independence in general. In 1776 Ben Franklin was the member of Committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence of the United States. In 1774 he (together with B.

Rush) founded the first anti-slavery society. In 1783 together with several representatives from the Congress, Ben Franklin signed a peace treaty, granting independence of American colonies. He spent a lot of time and efforts to create the final draft of American Constitution and pressed for equal rights for poor and rich. He also was a staunch defender of the abolition movement.

Shortly before his death, Ben Franklin received a letter from Washington, which expressed full approval of his activity. Benjamin Franklin was the person who signed three most important historic documents that lay in the basis of the United States of America: Declaration of Independence, American Constitution and Versailles Peace Treaty of 1783. Due to his colonial protectionist policy as well as to his political activity he has made great contribution to the long-term struggle for extirpation of racial and gender discrimination. Alexander Hamilton (17571804) One of the best ways to demonstrate Hamilton's position towards race discrimination is to cite his own words. There is an episode, where Alexander Hamilton speaks to the Continental Congress in relation to the South Carolina's plan. Alexander Hamilton says: I have not the least doubt that the Negroes will make very excellent soldiers...

for their natural faculties are as good as ours (Chronology on the History of Slavery, n. p. ). We can see that Hamilton treats Negroes without racial prejudices and has firm belief in racial and gender equality. Hamilton was throughout his life opposed to slavery and openly scornful of those who defended "the peculiar institution. " (Alexander Hamilton, n. p. ) James Madison Madison's attitude to abolition is quite contradictory.

I would rather say, Madison preferred to become an advocate of abolition because he had to, not because his own will. Reading the Chronology on the History of Slavery and Racism, we can find the following. James Madison wrote the letter to his brother Ambrose, where he said that the backward step would not only be dishonorable but would make the dreaded freeing of all slaves that much sooner. Madison dreaded the freeing of all slaves because neither he or Thomas Jefferson thought that it was the proper time to advance the proposition of total emancipation (Chronology on the History of Slavery, n.

p). Yet, within the same year (1785) he spoke in favor of a Jefferson bill for the gradual abolition of slavery (Chronology on the History of Slavery, n. p. ). Despite these contradictory opinions, James Madison is called the man who made Modern America. His belief in racial and gender equality was based on the equal human nature. Being an astute politician, he concentrated his life to protect and defend freedoms of Americans as well as to the constitution that defines those freedoms.

John Adams (the second President of the United States of America) "[M]y opinion against it [slavery] has always been known... [N]ever in my life did I own a slave. " -John Adams, Signer of the Declaration of Independence and U. S. President. The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States (Were all of America's Founding Fathers racists, pro-slavery, and hypocrites?

N. p. ) John Adams is, probably, the foremost figure in American history who can be called the apostle of liberty. John Adams claimed that the Great American Empire should exist and his policy was carried out both in gender-equal and racial-equal manner. He also convinced T.

Jefferson to draft the Declaration of Independence. Adams disliked the imbalances of power between the sexes and races. He was an extremely influential politician who shaped political culture of America. In conclusion I want to say that great historical and political leaders, such as Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams that enabled the creation of the Constitution and establishing independence, seemed to lay the foundation favoring mens independence and extirpation of racism and gender discrimination. Bibliography: Chronology on the History of Slavery and Racism. (1999). Eddie Becker.

Retrieved October 16, 2005. < web > Columbia Encyclopedia. Alexander Hamilton. Retrieved October 16, 2005. < web > Were all of America's Founding Fathers racists, pro-slavery, and hypocrites? Retrieved October 16, 2005. < web >


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