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Example research essay topic: Sense Of Duty Consequential Ist - 1,681 words

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Defending Duty Ethics Every society and culture has different ways of interpreting and defining ethics development, understanding, and application by the way their own culture or society norms. According to the Websters Dictionary ethics is defined as the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation. A society's culture consists of whatever it is one has to know or believes in order to operate in a manner acceptable to its members. The rituals, customs, ethics and morals that are attributed to the cultures have caused these differences. To understand how the people of one culture interpret a situation or event, an individual must evaluate the attributes that a certain culture has. Heroism and defiance are two concepts that are easily misinterpreted depending on a particular cultures ideals.

Since cultures have different attributes it is difficult for two cultures to exist and share the same view of a situation or event. The difference between ethics and moral, beliefs, or values are very similar yet different in many ways. Ethics is very unique to every individual and can easily change. Values are learned behaviors with increased education and maturity. Morals are generally internal judgments versus community ethics. Finally, beliefs are things we believe to be true to us as individuals.

Ethics, morals, beliefs, and values are all supportive and compliment on each other when associated with people. Everyones values are constantly changing with their distinctive daily & life experiences. Ultimately, each individual will be the judge of what is right versus wrong in their ethical decision making process. The individuals ability to value and benefit from the use of ethics is based solely on his or her learned values. If the individual is willing to be totally and utterly honest and follow the established rules and laws, our current judicial system would simply vanish. Whereas, if the persons intent is not one of high moral character the individuals ethics will not have the ability to be utilized.

Each person must make a decision based on his or her situation and background as to what the right choice is. It could be to inform the police if a personal friend had committed a crime, or admit to speeding when an officer pulls your car over for speeding. The individual struggle often extends itself to ultimately affect other people. In general, a group of people can decide to abide by and follow the set established laws and rules. They can also decide to take advantage of the situation and other people and not follow them.

This decision can force or influence others to make immoral decisions even if they know they are being dishonest. Personal ethics, in my personal opinion, can succeed in almost any situation. But, it is the degree of freedom allowed within the individual that will cause it to fail or succeed. People are not born with the immoral behaviors they often display; they learn it through society and the experiences that they encounter on a daily basis.

There is often a thin line that exists between what is moral and immoral. This can also be determined based on an individuals belief and upbringing. Understanding and learning right from wrong at a young age is the key to ultimately understanding the success or failure of personal ethics. The most basic question in ethics of duty and ethics of virtue is what is human excellence, and how is it achieved? However, the two fundamental approaches to answering this are significantly different. Ethics of duty focuses more on differentiating between what is morally right or wrong and on what our moral obligations are to ourselves and to our society.

Some form of religion almost always goes along with ethics of duty because religions provide structured belief systems and moral codes that people could follow. An ethical person is someone who obeys the laws of the religion. On the other hand, ethics of virtue places more emphasis on the ideal of individual excellence and how each person has the ability to achieve it through reflection and the development of virtues. Virtues are attributes or traits that enable us to reach our full potential as human beings. In this approach to ethics, an ethical person is one who has developed many virtues, which help them act according to their moral principles. Both approaches to ethics have pros and cons, but I think ethics of virtue / aspiration is more compelling because it places more focus on the individual rather than on his or her actions.

Ethics of duty is good because people have a structured framework of what is morally right and wrong and gives them the knowledge of their moral obligations and what they should do to be an ethical person. However, ethics of duty often fails to recognize the importance of virtue in ones character. Instead of emphasizing how we should act, ethics of virtue focuses on how we should be and what we could become. I would much rather focus on improving myself and developing my full potential than focus on pleasing others by following a fixed set of rules that I may or may not like. Ethics of virtue doesnt have exact answers, which is good because it allows people to decide for themselves what they want to believe in. People have the capacity to expand their minds and develop without having to worry about how they are bad people because they disobeyed some ethical rule.

They have the ability to form their own set of beliefs and make more contributions to their communities. Even though I like ethics of virtue better, ethics of duty is still a suitable approach to ethics because it works for many people. The questions brought up by moral philosophy are fundamental questions which philosophers have argued about for thousands of years. The analyses these philosophers provide are often derived from complicated reasoning that appears to be impersonal, but rather is primarily based upon their existing beliefs. However, the study of ethics can provide valid theories and clarify implications concerning morality, as well as give direction as to how to practice such moral philosophy. Ethics are traditionally separated into two major subdivisions: de ontological ethical theories including Christian ethics and katie ethics, and consequential ist ethical theories including utilitarianism and the virtue theory.

The first of the duty based theories is Christian based ethics, a branch of moral teaching that has built the foundation of the western understanding of morality. Similarly, even atheistic ethical theories rely heavily upon to the influence of early developed Christian ethics. The Ten Commandments list various duties and forbidden activities which apply regardless of the consequences of carrying them out, which is in strong contrast with consequential ist theory. They are absolute duties, for someone who believes that the Bible is the word of God will have no doubt about the meaning of right and wrong. For such a believer morality is a matter of following absolute commands given by the external authority, or in the Christian faith, God. However, such an assertion is a relatively simplified perspective, for theological philosophers do argue about exceptional circumstances when breaking a commandment might be morally permissible.

In addition, Christian morality involves the application of Christs teaching, as well as the New Testament. In contrast, there exist a significant number of counter-claims to the theories of Christian morality. One immediate difficulty with Christian ethics is finding out what Gods will actually is. The typical counter theory as dictated by the common Christian is that one must look to the Bible to determine the so called Gods will.

Yet the Bible is open to numerous, and often conflicting interpretations which give support to the criticism of this branch of morality. From this view this mode of morality is divided between those who take the Bible literally and those who do not. The second division of the duty-based theories consists of the teachings of philosopher Immanuel Kant who was primarily interested in discovering what is moral action. For Kant it was clear that a moral action was one performed out of a sense of duty, rather than simply out of inclination of feeling or even the possibility of some kind of gain for the person performing it. Therefore, for Kant the motive of an action was far more important than the action itself and its consequences. He thought that in order to know whether or not someone was acting morally you had to know what their intention was.

It was not enough just to know whether or not the Good Samaritan helped the man in need, for the Samaritan might have been acting out of self-interest, expecting a reward for his troubles. Similarly, he might have done it only because he felt a twinge of compassion, which would have been acting from an emotional motive rather than from a sense of duty. By using the conceptual tools of meta-ethics and normative ethics, discussions in applied ethics try to resolve these controversial issues. A duty is a moral obligation that an agent has towards another person, such as the duty not to lie. Etymologically, duties are actions that are due to someone else, such as paying money that one owes to a creditor.

In a broader sense, duties are simply actions that are morally mandatory. Medieval philosophers such as Aquinas argued that we have specific duties or obligations to avoid committing specific sins. Since sins such as theft are absolute, then our duty to avoid stealing is also absolute, irrespective of any good consequences that might arise from particular acts of theft. It is same for the leaders who represent others of either a big group or a small one.

For example, if you are a member of student government, you should truly represent your members. Bibliography: Louis P. Pojman. The Moral Life. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2000. Broad, C.

D. Five Types of Ethical Theory. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1930. MacIntyre, Alasdair. After Virtue. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1981.

Part, Derek. Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984.


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Research essay sample on Sense Of Duty Consequential Ist

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