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National Security Council was really concerned about Iran contra issue and two secret Reagan Administration policies were instructed to take measures to release the American hostages. In 1985 - 1986 in order to do that they tried to sale the US weapons to Iran notwithstanding that it was forbidden (embargo). Also during 1984 - 1986 operation used support of the military activities in Nicaragua, though that also was prohibited. The operation of the both Iran and Contra began act together when the money received from the sale the weapons to Iran was used to maintain the contra operation in Nicaragua.
This was the most dramatic event of the Iran / contra because Iran and Contra operations violated many of US laws. The President and Cabinet ignored this diversion of funds that meant that they absolved themselves of the responsibility for the Iran and contra activity. Iran-Contra deposition of Central American Task Force Chief, Appendix B, Vol. 3. , March 26, 1984 At the beginning the Iran and Contra operations were kept dark, but after the events of the 1986 they were pierced. The first event happened when soldiers of Nicaragua shot down the American plane with military provisions for Contra in October, 5, 1986. Eugene Hasenfus, the only survivor who was taken into captivity, said that he was from CIA. One month later his shooting down publication of Lebanese reported about the president Reagan sale of the US weapons to Iran.
The joining of Iran and Contra operations became public on November 25, 1986 when Attorney General Meese declared that Justice Department officials had revealed that some of the profits from the Iran weapons sales had been used for Contra operations. Iran-Contra deposition of Central American Task Force Chief, Appendix B, Vol. 3, March 26, 1984, After the finishing of these activities, Iran/Contra operations made several new violations. Having heard some testimony (Elliott Abrams, Caspar W. Weinberger) senior Reagan Administration decided to deceive people about their role in the Contra activity. They tried to convince people that they didnt know about and didnt support these operations.
But the Independent Counsel revealed that the President's senior advisers and the Cabinet members on the National Security Council took part in the approach to make National Security staff members McFarlane, Poindexter and North protect the Reagan Counsel was made too late to take any measures. GAO Analysis of NHAO Payments, Western Hemisphere Subcommittee of House Foreign Affairs Committee, May 1986; banking records subpoenaed by Western Hemisphere Subcommittee. According to the White House detailed report, the analysis revealed no believable facts that President Reagan violated any US policy. The OIC could not confirm that Reagan approved or knew about of the usage of the money to support the Contra.
But, he established the conditions for the banned behavior of others by encouraging and organizing support of the contras during the October 1984 to October 1986 period when money for the contras was cut off by the Boland Amendment, and in authorizing the sale of weapons to Iran, notwithstanding that there was an embargo on such sales. The President's ignorance of the laws led to the limitation of the presidential actions abroad. Documents on file in U. S. v. Rodriguez, 99 - 0222, USDC, Northern District of Florida, 1988, from grand jury statements of Carlos Soto.
President Reagan's order to McFarlane to support the contras during the Boland cut-off period was took by North, who was ordered by McFarlane to fulfill the directive, as a provocation to violate the law. Also, President Reagan's verdict in 1985 to approve the sale of weapons to Iran, regardless of warning by Weinberger and Shultz that such sales might break the law, opened the way for Poindexter's to authorize the diversion. Poindexter informed Congress that when he made the decision on his own, he believed the President authorized it. North notebook pages Q 0344, 0414, 0415, 0426, 0431, 0543, 0550, 0932, 0955, 0977, 1156 1159; Iran-Contra Deposition of Robert W. Owen, May 4, 1987, and October 1, 1987, ; RWO Exhibit 12, 2 / 27 / 86; Iran-Contra testimony, May 14, 1987 Independent Counsel's investigation did not find any proves that Vice President Bush broke any laws. However, he knew about the Iran weapons sales notwithstanding that he stated the opposite.
Bush tries to stop the Iran weapons sales, and he took part in negotiations to get third-country support for the contras. The OIC found no evidence that Bush knew about the money transfer. The OIC got to know in December 1992 that Bush didnt manage to produce notes related to Iran / contra , regardless of requests made in 1987 and again in early 1992 for the creation of such notes. Bush rejected to give an interview about the Iran weapons sales. Bush's pardon of Weinberger on December 24, 1992 prevented a trial in which defense counsel stated that they planned to call Bush as a witness. North notebook pages; Iran-Contra Deposition of Robert W.
Owen, May 4, 1987, and October 1, 1987, ; RWO Exhibit 12, 2 / 27 / 86; Iran-Contra testimony, May 14, 1987. The testimony on White House Chief of Staff Regan and Attorney General Edwin Meese III contains in November 1986, as the President and his advisers wanted to control the damage from the the revelation of the Iran weapons sales. Regan in 1992 submitted to the Independent Counsel the copies of material with the proves that Poindexter and Meese tried to open a false account of the 1985 weapons sales from Israeli market, that was illegal, in order to defend the President. Regan and the other senior advisers did not make any effort to disprove false version of events. Testimony of Louell Hood and Douglas Siple, Subcommittee on International Economic Policy, Trade, Oceans and Environment and Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations, October 30, 1987 The evidence states that Meese's November 1986 investigation was more of a damage-control exercise than an attempt to find the facts.
He had some conversations with the president and his senior officers without taking any notes. Even when money transfer became clear, Meese didnt manage to keep records in NSC staff offices. And finally he gave false testimonies that the President didnt know about the illegal shipments in 1985. Testimony of Louell Hood and Douglas Siple, Subcommittee on International Economic Policy, Trade, Oceans and Environment and Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations, October 30, 1987 The appointed Independent Counsel revealed that there were several basic resources for the contras' weapons purchases from the covert-action Enterprise created by North, Second and Hakim: (1) contributions from other countries; (2) donations from rich Americans sympathetic to President Reagan's contra support policies; (3) the transfer of funds from the sale of weapons to Iran. Also Independent Counsel stated that: the sales of weapons violated the Arms Export Control Act 1 the Iran and contra operations were examined and created by Reagan Senior officers; A lot of important documents related to this affair were abolished by several Reagan Administration officials. Reagan Administration officials deceived the Congress and the their knowledge about and their role in the Iran/Contra operations Moreover, Independent Counsel stated that the secret nature of the Iran and contra activity build the ground for money crimes.
Iran/Contra Deposition of Robert L. Earl. Appendix B, Vol. 9. Bibliography 1. Iran-Contra deposition of Central American Task Force Chief, Appendix B, Vol. 3. , March 26, 1984 2.
GAO Analysis of NHAO Payments, Western Hemisphere Subcommittee of House Foreign Affairs Committee, May 1986; banking records subpoenaed by Western Hemisphere Subcommittee. 3. Documents on file in U. S. v.
Rodriguez, 99 - 0222, USDC, Northern District of Florida, 1988, from grand jury statements of Carlos Soto. 4. North notebook pages; Iran-Contra Deposition of Robert W. Owen, May 4, 1987, and October 1, 1987, ; RWO Exhibit 12, 2 / 27 / 86; Iran-Contra testimony, May 14, 1987. 5. Testimony of Louell Hood and Douglas Siple, Subcommittee on International Economic Policy, Trade, Oceans and Environment and Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations, October 30, 1987 6. Iran/Contra Deposition of Robert L.
Earl. Appendix B, Vol. 9, p. 1109.
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Research essay sample on Iran Contra Independent Counsel
