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Example research essay topic: Third World Countries Number Of Children - 1,394 words

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Population Growth and Regulation It is an undeniable fact that the planet urgently needs population control. For three decades now, the world has become more and more concerned about the problems of rapid population growth and it is time that these concerns be seriously put into play. A study by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) shows that every second five people are born and two people die, giving a gain of three people. The same study shows that there are currently over eight hundred million people that are hungry or undernourished in the world, and also that CO 2 emissions have increased twelve times between 1990 - 2000 (UNFPA). If these rates of growth and consumption continue, then it will only be a matter of time until the Earth can no longer sustain all its inhabitants.

Sickness and disease has played a large role in keeping human population under control since the beginning of time. It seemed that when a population would get over crowded an epidemic such as, the influenza or small pox would break out. This would drastically decrease the population enough that it would be under control again. Famine is another great controller of population. When a famine strikes an area only the few with enough food will be able to reproduce or even survive. An examination of world population control would not be complete with out including war.

War also performs wonders at controlling population by murdering most men of child rearing age. In todays day and age, with our current technology increases disease outbreak and famine (except in some 3 rd world countries) is not much of a factor any more. (Finley) To prevent a scenario in which human beings would exceed the Earths carrying capacity, birth rates must be lowered, woman must be granted their basic human rights, and steps must be taken to reduce poverty. There are three main ways in which birth rates can be lowered: by setting limits on the number of children per couple, creating family planning workshops, and promoting contraceptive-use. A birth limitation policy sets a limit on the number of children spouses can bear. It has been in effect in China since the 70 s and the result of this indigenous program proved to be rather, very positive. In 1990, the average family size was 3. 96 but currently, it is reported to be approximately 3. 40 (Life with 9 Billion People).

If China had not implemented its one-child (two children in rural areas) policy, then its population would have passed the 1. 5 billion mark by now. After putting the policy into effect, the country has seen many changes in education, economy, and health care. Since the 1970 s the literacy rates have nearly doubled, life expectancy has risen from thirty-five years to nearly sixty-six years, and the number of people living below the poverty line has dropped from two hundred and fifty million to seventy million (Cohen 239). This method should be implemented in countries where current family planning regulations have yielded little or no positive results. Severe public criticism might surface against this regulation in many of todays free democratic, yet poor and overpopulated, countries but the need for it should be stressed at a broad level. It is not necessary to enact exact replicas of the model China used; instead, modifications can be made to fit the views of the government and public of the respective country.

Few development programs have made as significant a contribution to reducing population as family planning. As a program whose benefits touch all levels - individual, family, community, national, and global - family planning enhances the quality of life by reducing infant mortality, improving maternal health, and increasing pressures on governments to meet social and economic needs. In addition, access to family planning can be seen as a human right and as a means to enlarge womens life options. Community workshops can provide extensive help in making public awareness in places where the literacy rate is low. Family planning workshops target both men and women, and provide them with information on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), the benefits of sterilization, the benefits of planning when to have children, as well as what methods of contraception to use.

The promotion of contraceptive use is a key factor in reducing population, because in many areas of the world women and men alike remain ignorant on what sort of contraceptives are available and how to use them. (Finley) Reducing poverty is one of the biggest steps in stopping overpopulation because poverty originally gave birth to overpopulation. The reason that most of the worlds population growth is concentrated in the poorest countries in the world is very simple. Third-World countries were not always so poor and it was only after the Industrial Revolution that their economies started crashing. During the Industrial Revolution, European countries colonized many countries in Africa, as well as India and other south-Asian countries, and they exploited these countries of their natural resources and then after using them as much as they could, they left the countries to fend for themselves (Elrich 40). After third-world countries started experiencing poverty, family sizes started increasing rapidly. The bigger the better, was the theory when it came to family size because having more children meant having more people who would provide support to the entire family.

This theory failed miserably however, because it was only a vicious cycle in which the poor would give birth to more poor, and so on and so forth and what is worst of all is that this cycle still continues today because in most third-world countries, the level of poverty has only increased over the last few decades. What governments must do now is start taking action in reducing levels of poverty by providing their people with resources such as adequate drinking water, proper nutrition, access to education, and access to information. Right now, the World Bank is the biggest fighter in decreasing poverty, in terms of funding programs to stop disease and malnutrition and to make education readily accessible by all. In the last year alone, the World Bank has given more than two billion US dollars to African countries such as Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Uganda, and several others, to help provide basic education to the poorest (World Bank: Population Growth Rate). It is painfully obvious that places in which poverty is the lowest, population is also the lowest, and this is because the inhabitants of such places do not feel the need to have many children since they have more personal wealth. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, almost all European countries suffered from high levels of poverty, but as soon as poverty was reduced, the population drastically plummeted.

A decrease in birth rates, along with the empowerment of women and reduction in poverty will allow for a stable population to be achieved. Before any of the three can be established however, awareness must be raised about overpopulation itself. Most people are either unaware of the problem of overpopulation, or they believe it just to be a myth. They are disillusioned by high mortality rates, and falling fertility rates that some third-world countries also experience. The key word however is, some, because there are still a countless number of countries that have taken no measures whatsoever in controlling their population, Bangladesh being a prime example (Cohen 178). People in first-world countries must start caring about their third-world neighbors, because unless world population is controlled, there will be mass destruction not only to the environment, but also to mankind itself.

Therefore within the conceptual framework we may conclude that government needs to be aware of the ever -increasing population growth problem. I believe that rather that mandating how many children a family can have. They should educate its population on different means of birth control and possibly start providing for free. Especially in this country a harsher penalties needs to be imposed for chemical dependent mothers that become baby factories. An education / management plan can be imposed allowing individuals the freedom to determine the number of children they desire to have.

Bibliography: Cohen J. Earths Overpopulation Controversies. New York: Viking Press, 1996. Elrich F. Social Issues of the Third World Countries. London: Rutledge, 2000.

Finley W. Governmental Interference in Global Population Growth. From National Geographic Magazine, issue April 2001.


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Research essay sample on Third World Countries Number Of Children

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