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... into economy are as follows: American government implies separation of public and privates spheres to promote a capitalist economy as the bedrock of American economic policy (Ch 16) The government creates rules for economic exchanges and allows the markets to function effectively; the government is intensively involved in various aspects of economy to promote the public well-being of the country; The government increases its role in economy to minimize the effects of economic crises; Benjamin Ginsberg claims that Americans tend to believe that individual liberty is the key to a thriving economy, but the steady rise in inequality has raised calls for government intervention to stop the trend (Ch 16). Such contradictions inevitably result in conflict between the different approaches concerning the role of American government in economy. 5 A cynical approach to politics is a phenomenon of our modern world. It can be explained by losing trust in politics and government. Americans have generally been reluctant to grant the government too much power and have been suspicious of politicians (Ch. 1). The activity of political parties is aimed to provide benefits to millions of Americans.
Every party bears responsibility for its electorate. The political programs are the way to help people who need support. In every country there is a more or less developed system of parties, and it is the duty of the parties to make it efficient. According to Benjamin Ginsberg, the core political values in the United States are liberty, equality, and democracy (Ch 1), where Liberty is the freedom from government control, Equality can be spoken within the context of equality of opportunity or political equality; Democracy in essence is political participation by the people (Ch 1) The modern democratic society is impossible without trust in government and political and governmental institutions. We can see the incredible decline in trust from the side of citizens.
Something has to be done to improve the situation. The moving forces and trends of political life consist of various problem situations, which are closely related to level of trust in governmental and political institutions. Its no wonder that when citizens express their trust in a party, they support it, they identify the party with a personality and definite social group, and they examine the political institutions and their representatives. The citizens express their trust in political institutions and consider that governmental activity of political institutions should correspond to interests of nation. Trust in the federal government and political parties rises and falls depending on levels of crime, the health of the economy, and other trends in public affairs.
Any political power tries to gain support of the majority of people. We can interpret the political trust as trust in institutions, as a remedy for the limits of personal trust. Its no wonder that effectiveness and stability of the political system to a great extent depends on support and trust of the nation. Trust is a very important factor of legal power, which allows influencing on the minds and behavior of people. People should believe that governmental authorities share the same ideals and values that they do.
The government should be associated with advantages and goods. It can be reached with the help of different political symbols, such as democracy, equality, freedom, etc. When such symbols are associated with government and the political system, the nation will trust in the government. The situation we face now shows us an extremely low level of trust in political leaders combined with low indicators of citizens own participation in political processes.
The performance targets add up to lie after lie and result in a cynical approach to politics and political parties. Americans are not confident in the executive branches and the Congress as well. First of all, they dont see that governmental structures support the interests of the citizens. They explain the concept of trust regarding the president by saying that president and political parties don't have to be monitored, but they are convinced that the authorities protect their own interests before all. Besides, the decreased participation in the governmental processes can be explained by a lack of information.
Americans dont feel that they can influence the work of political system. So, to increase the level of trust, we need to provide them with correct information, which will help them to be more active in the life of society. 6 According to Ginsberg, Low, and Weir citizenship is defined as informed and active membership in a political community. Ginsberg claims that the citizen is someone who engages in enlightened political engagement (Ch 1) I consider that our citizenship consists of active participation in the political life of our country. The citizens of our country should be actively involved in political life and should have knowledge of government, politics, and democratic principles (Ch 1).
This method gives the individuals a means of influencing public policy and government decision making. People should know that the government is trustworthy. The governmental and political institutions provide the American society with the maximum information about their activities. They use all innovative technologies and mass media to convince people that they can believe in government. The direct communication is established with the help of internet and mass media. Its a good way to publicize the benefits of government and the political system, to make people feel more connected to government.
As far as we can see, the modern democratic society maximizes the participation of citizens in political processes. Besides, greater citizen participation exposes policy makers and implementers to a broader range of issues and helps to monitor existing political situation, and highlights necessary changes. The concept of active participation in political life supposes easy and quick access to the essence of the political and governmental system in order to create a direct communication channel between the government and citizens. Such a system cannot be called a new one.
It has been used since 1999 - 2000 in several countries of the world. Such a system, if understood and utilized, does enable better government and politics, because it enables better accountability. It is based on the following principles. First of all, the nation cannot believe somebody it doesnt know. So, to restore the trust and confidence in government, the government and political parties bring themselves closer to the citizens, because the more that citizens know about politics and the political system, the more likely they are to believe that they make a difference and become involved. (Ch 1). There are several principles which guide the governmental control of information and active participation of citizens in political life: - Access (This principle allows easy access to information for a wide circle of citizens, the private sector, non-governmental organizations, etc) - Process (This part includes all the information necessary to know how to get access to governmental information as well as to become involved in taking governmental decisions and the political process in common) - Disclosure (All the citizens have access to information, which explains the future governmental projects and discussions including all necessary details) - Communication (Actually, the part responsible for different communication processes between the government and contemporary modern society) - Involvement (It gives the opportunity to take part directly in different debates, discussions, meetings, etc) All these principles should be used by the government and political parties to improve positive attitude of citizens to participation in governmental and political processes. 7 If we could have the Framers magically appear in 2005, I think they would be satisfied with the Constitution and the systems evolution.
When we speak about the modern political system, we think immediately of equality, liberty, democracy and all the freedoms entailed. Democracy has spread slowly but surely throughout the whole of America. According to all characteristics and appearances the rights of man have emerged successfully. What about the role of mass media in our lives?
There is a position that our world view is a cumulative product of the messages we are internalizing. Mass media, probably, does not have much success when they try to show people how they need to think but they are extremely successful in obtrusion of what the voters should think about. Besides, many research workers often examine American mass media as an ideological weapon, which determines and influences the conscience of the people. For example, American radio and television are regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which was created in 1934 to grant licenses to radio and television stations (Ch 7). The influence of interest groups is constantly increasing, accompanied by the weakening of Congress and the decline of political parties. The role of the bureaucracy is still important.
According to Benjamin Ginsberg, the goals of a bureaucracy are efficiency and productivity, which are gained through specialization and repetition of tasks (Ch 14). Bureaucracy can be defined as a form of organization and most organizations are bureaucracies. What roles bureaucrats perform? Benjamin Ginsberg claims that bureaucrats maintain paper for accountability, interpret the law, and implement the objectives of the organization (Ch 14). The president chief executive can control the bureaucracy and has certain powers over the bureaucracy, including budget and personnel powers; however, these powers are limited because of the incremental nature of the budget and civil service protections. For example, the size of the federal bureaucracy has declined over the past thirty years and presidents of both parties have called for the trend to continue. (Ch 14) Speaking about liberties and equalities, the American nation is more likely to choose individual freedom than accepting definite limitations in order to build a stronger society.
Americans all do their best to build more organized and cohesive world society. However, the country declares the importance of liberties and individual choice, as it is stated in the American Constitution.
Free research essays on topics related to: radio and television, political institutions, access to information, political parties, active participation
Research essay sample on Radio And Television Access To Information
