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Example research essay topic: J P Morgan Theodore Roosevelt - 2,581 words

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... and would restore those times when presidents were original prophets and politics, instead of fine hunters of privileges. All nations repeated his words: "The new nationalism puts national needs above interests of separate groups or persons ." Roosevelt wanted the cooperation within the framework of the decision of the common problems for all class. It was a putting in order of all the authority system.

Roosevelt considered that the government - in interests of the country and maintenance of the domination - may do more, being the coordinator of activity of business, instead of the obedient registrar. For anybody it was not a secret, that Morgan is punished for his too big influence on the American life. The affair The United States against Northern Securities, Great Northern Railway, Northern Pacific Railway and John P. Morgan was considered during rather short terms. Already by the middle of March the Supreme Court of the USA by the five voices against the four recognized the creation of Northern Securities illegal and dismissed it.

The president won the case. The Supreme Court of the USA divided Northern Securities into four companies the unification of which, actually, resulted in the formation of holding. it is not found out for certain, as this section affected personal fortune of Morgan because it is not known, which part of the holding belonged to him. At that time the law did not oblige the company to open the information about similar bargains, and Morgan, naturally, was not the volunteer. However he managed to recoup. In 1907, during the next financial crisis, Roosevelt has to follow the example of Cleveland and to call John Pierpont to rescue the nation.

Morgan helped the government again and the Congress again tried to force him to promulgate sources of the income. But Morgan remained unshakable. "I would rather be a prisoner than begin to discuss the private affairs", - declared the magnate. The authorities didnt dare to condemn him. The prosecutions of Morgan were not finished with it. Authorities achieved the realization of unprecedented investigation of Morgans company scales of influence in the United States. Federal representatives stated that all strings of the management of the country conducting financial establishments converge to J.

P. Morgan and Co. The companies of this group had the capital of 25 billion that was at that time two thirds of the Usa's GNP. Morgan did not become beggar like Rockefeller, but his influence strongly shook.

At the end of 1912, addressing to senatorial committee, 75 -years old Morgan said, that he hadnt want to rule anything and had had no authority even in the own company. Soon after that he died. In 1913 John Pierpont Morgan died not having opened his secrets. To this moment his fortune was not so significant any more.

His manor was estimated in 68 million dollars (about 1 billion under the present prices), and art collection - in 50 million dollars (about 775 million). When Andrei Carnegie learned about the cost of the Morgans manor, he noticed, that if to think a little, Morgan was not too rich. As against politicians, the business world mourned over Morgans death. But both the world and politicians agreed that they would not meet such a people in America any more. These words appeared a prophecy. In the same year the government of USA finally solved the problems with the finance, having created Federal Reserve System, the first American Central bank.

From occurrence make bank system reliable, sufficient for stabilization of national currency and demand for gold due to which Morgan suddenly became the most important and the most powerful person in America. The similar will not exist. He was replaced by FRS. Then in the USA thousand kilometers of ways were laid annually. Certainly, even the largest railway companies were compelled to address to bankers for loans, but their conditions were different. Different people have different attitudes towards the Roosevelt's actions.

For example, Andy Sere in his publication A Republican Roosevelt: Just as bad emotionally states: Evidenced by both his words and legislation, Roosevelt definitely believed in socialism, or at least its precursor. The government, he said, must be "the senior partner in every business. " Partner? Roosevelt's federal government was its archenemy! The author came up with the idea that Roosevelt prevented business from development, so slowed the progress of the economy: Shortly after his premature presidential swear-in, Roosevelt poked his "big stick" in the eye of industry. In 1902 coal miners across the nation went on strike.

After a five-month standoff, Roosevelt ventured into waters no government official should ever swim: the free market. He summoned the strikers and the mine owners to the White House for negotiations, where he covertly threatened the owners with mine-occupying federal troops. Faced with overtly unconstitutional yet ultimately powerful coercion, these law-abiding men acquiesced to the mighty hand of King Roosevelt, just as gun manufacturer Smith and Wesson kowtowed to Janet Reno, her "Justice" Department, and many state attorney generals 100 years later. Roosevelt did not stop there; his next target: Northern Securities Company. He authorized Morgans activity and approved it: A J. P.

Morgan-owned holding company, Northern Securities was falsely accused of violating the Sherman Antitrust Act by allegedly monopolizing the Pacific Northwest railroad industry. Let's face it: J. P. Morgan never won an ethics trophy; his intention in forming Northern Securities was not to promote good will. But let us also face the fact that North westerners accessed more than one rail company.

Morgan's operation, unseemly as it may have been, did not hold citizens captive of one leviathan monopolizer. Even so, Roosevelt placed his hatred of "the tyranny of mere wealth" above the facts by suing Northern Securities. The Supreme Court ruled 5 to 4 in condemnation and dissolution of the company. Today Microsoft awaits a similar fate. Looking back into the history and leaning the previous the situation can convince anyone in the incorrectness of this statements. Our political situation now is quite different and there are no such serious reasons to do the same with Microsoft.

The idea of equality incorporated in the American constitution, became almost persuasive for him. Roosevelt demanded equality and validity for everything, supported trade unions, approving, that the woman could work in any area and should have gotten for the work as much as man got. For manic aspiration to the validity he was called socialist. He tried to create all the conditions for the development of fair business, and was accused of corruption protection. In the curriculum vitae, answering opponents, he constantly states, that always operated within the limits of the constitution and for the blessing of all American people. For the first time Roosevelt collided that business and a policy are closely connected during the work in New York.

He suspected one of judges of corruption, but had no direct proofs and, moreover, could not tell for certain, whether really the judge operated in interests of the transport company because of the self-interest or because of the sincere belief that business is a wreath of creation and the larger business is, the more help it should get. Roosevelt struggled for impeachment. However all the committee was against, that surprised Roosevelt who recently finished the college and didnt leave idealistic views. Once the old friend of the family of Roosevelt's, the representative of known legal firm, invited him to lunch to talk about the further plans. The lawyer explained to Roosevelt, that he worked well and that game of reform was correct; now it was clear, that he had abilities and he could be useful in major concern, however it is not necessary to go too far.

It was better to leave the policy and to be united with correct people - those who would always supervise the others. Roosevelt asked, whether it should have surrendered on a political ring. The friend of the family impatiently answered, that it was not political ring. This circle includes large businessmen, politicians, lawyers who entered the union, and those lucky beggars, who gain success by means of these forces. Young Roosevelt remembered these words all his life.

Theodore Roosevelt supported the equal opportunities, equal conditions of game in all areas. He always considered vicious system of distribution of state posts among supporters of the party which won the elections. In the curriculum vitae he tells about the following case. The lady dismissed from public service worked in the previous administration. She came to Roosevelt for consultation whether she could come back.

It was impossible, however Roosevelt gave her the lower post due to the one official sympathy. She was the widow with two children. Had no incomes besides that earned. Three years ago she worked in department in Washington, receiving about 800 dollars that allowed her and to her children to exist decently. Once the chief from the bureau called her and informed, that, unfortunately, he was compelled to dismiss her as one of influential senators wished to appoint his friend to her place. She told him, that loss of the job will force her to starve.

She was on civil service for 13 or 14 years, lost all communications in native staff, dismissal meant desperate position. The chief promised that would not dismiss. However in some weeks she nevertheless was dismissed, as the senator came personally to find out how could that happened, that his instructions were not followed. In Roosevelt's opinion, nobody was guilty in this situation: the system was. If people cannot be appointed on personal preferences, it is necessary they should be appointed by the results of written competitive examination.

And when Roosevelt was a member of the commission on police, he has taken advantage of this idea. It was accepted about 200 policemen at once. There was no opportunity to have the interview with each of 6 or 8 thousand applicants. It was necessary to accept them by another's recommendation or by the results of written examination for elementary erudition. Roosevelt was assured, that the person who knows history and geography, would be the best policeman. And he continued the reform of public service.

The actions of Theodore Roosevelt were supported by his follower Franklin Roosevelt. On the example of his reforms we see that Theodore was right. The years 1932 - 1933 were the hardest time for United States. Industrial production was sharply reduced, farmers did not see sense to sow the ground, the capital ran from the country, the standard of life fell three times, export was lowered up to the lowest limits, and the tenth part of the population appeared unemployed.

The criminalization took place to pay money, some states began to issue the own substitute of currency. Franklin Roosevelt which came to authority at once put forward The new course. He changed economic plans with the same speed, as the medicines ordered for him from a poliomyelitis. Common sense and will was "the shortest formula of Roosevelt. Millions of American citizens injured of economic ailments should receive benefit, and the new enthusiasm cost a headache of budgetary purists. If the starvation and severe need of a part of our citizens make additional charges which will de balance our budget, necessary I shall not hesitate for a time to tell American people the truth and to ask to allocate additional facilities.

Roosevelt has appointed Harry Hopkins the Head of Administration of civil works. Harry declared the task to make people not dieing from starvation. Hopkins did not want to be engaged in simple charity: people without work lose advantage. It was created more than thirty thousand projects.

The yesterday's unemployed built bridges, stadiums, the airports. For ten years the Administration of civil works created the tenth part of all new roads in America, 35 percents of new hospitals, 65 percents of buildings for municipal government, 70 percents of new schools. It is impossible to list everything that has decorated America during the short term, has made it the present, modern. And all this cost twenty billions dollars.

The Administration of civil works rescued decaying, rusting military installations that made mobilization of 1940 th years so successful. Without the state works of 30 th years America could not create a nuclear bomb in such deadlines, necessary objects were prepared beforehand. Franklin Roosevelt tried direct state financing, system of public works, regulation of the industry etc. He never dared two things: pessimistic idleness and delight from the status quo.

His patient experiments had nothing in common with rigid desire to change everything immediately, now and at once. Roosevelt wished to see the results; he changed the course at once if saw that the next approach bears bitter fruits. He completely sickened false pride, purism, drama. Roosevelt was inclined to get results, and any course was not sacred for him if it did not give positive effect. No pietism in relation to regular authorities, to the certain all-knowing abroad, to the knowledge from the other countries.

This American president has achieved the social changes changing the face of America in 30 - 40 th years, due to the precise legislation, instead of a celebration of the next doctrine. He declared the sharks of capitalism in 1940 that they should not expect refusal or change from the great social gains, which we achieved. At very risky time Roosevelt gave unequivocally negative answer to all the offers to put social gains on the altar of economic efficiency. Nothing may justify a course directed to the conscious deterioration of material and spiritual position of people. Nothing may justify grief of defenseless pensioners, bitterness of those who is deprived of destiny by birth, because of circumstances, which he could not change. Now we see that all the Roosevelt's reforms were made in order to help the people who were abused by the big magnets.

And these reforms had good results. Americans say that people like Roosevelt created the modern American economy And they are right. It is possible to say, that the humanism and persistence of such people as Theodore Roosevelt, relaxed the really revolutionary situation in the "gilt" United States, resolved the sharpest problems of industrial epoch, and prevented the social conflict of a rank of civil war. To my mind, such people should always exist. Corruption is the enemy of the national economy and to struggle with it is the obligation of every citizen. Unfortunately this struggle very seldom has the results and not everybody dares to fight.

However we must not give up. The governments have the right to make mistakes, presidents may make mistakes, but it is better to tolerate mistakes of the government made from time to time than constant apathy of ministers frozen in ice of their own indifference. Bibliography: Kenneth David H. , Theodore Roosevelt, (New York: 1998) Davis, Burton S. , FDR, The Beckoning of Destiny, A History, (New York: 1998) Drilling, Elizabeth, The Roosevelt Red Record and Its Background, (Illinois: 1936) Farley, James A. , Behind the Ballots, The Personal History of a Politician, (New York; 1938) File, Edward A. , Successful Living in this Machine Age, (New York: 2000) Winsled, Edward A. , The Way Out, A Forecast of Coming Changes in American Business and Industry, (New York: 2001) Fence, John T. , The Roosevelt Myth, (New York: 2000) Freedman, Dora, Roosevelt and Frankfurter, (Boston, 1997) Greene, Frank, Franklin D. Roosevelt, The Ordeal, (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2003) Black, Ernst, Unheard Witness, (New York: 2 -- 1)


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Research essay sample on J P Morgan Theodore Roosevelt

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