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Example research essay topic: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Psychiatric Disorders - 1,666 words

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... of the article came to the following conclusions: traditional, molecular, and spatial epidemiology combined, may contribute to the understanding of the transmission of tuberculosis. This investigation, I think is intended for the audience of average people as well as for professionals in epidemiology and is a reliable source. The article Genomic Characterization of an Endemic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain: Evolutionary and Epidemiologic Implications by Dao Nguyen, Paul Brassard, Dick Menzies, Louise Thibert, Rob Warren, Serge Mostowy, and Marcel Behr (2003) represents the Canadian branch of epidemiology. The authors attempted to characterize an endemic strain family by using genomic deletions.

In short, the results received in this research help to understand the evolution of genotypes and their potential clustering in molecular epidemiology. I think that this article is intended for specialists in epidemiology and the high qualifications of the authors can prove it. The researchers work in the following highly esteemed institutions: Department of Medicine, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Respiratory Epidemiology Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, Laboratoire de Sante Publique du Quebec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. The information in this article is reliable.

In the investigation Psychiatric Disorders & Illnesses Perceptions in Tuberculoses by Lalit Kant and D. R. Nagpaul, the authors discussed some conceptions regarding the behaviour of the patients with tuberculoses. The information in the article I think is reliable. The authors claimed that there is a period of denial when the patient either ignores the diagnoses or resorts to self-treatment or looks for the opinion form other sources. Lalit Kant and D.

R. Nagpaul also observed the examples of emotions like vindictive behaviour fear, jealousy, anger, guilt non-cooperation or a sense of shame. The information of the article is very important to for people who specialize in psychology and psychiatry or deal with the patients with tuberculosis. The authors concluded that innovative research in psychiatry may provide clues to recovery from disease and relapse as well as benefit from individual counselling. Andy Buchanan in Tuberculosis in Russia: The Social Impacts (2004) reported the following psychological effects of tuberculoses on the patients: uncertainly and anxiety, despair, mental illness and depression, disclosure of their status, isolations and loneliness. The researcher came to the following conclusion: the people who are contacting the disease are the most vulnerable, and they are seemingly being ignored.

The scientist used the methods of observation, psychological tests in order to determine the state of the patients. I consider the information in this article to be controversial in some items and I think that the arguments of the article need to be more grounded. This article is intended for specialists in psychology and psychiatry. The article provides no information about the author. I think that the timeliness of the information given in the article is determined with the increasing rates of tuberculoses in such developing countries as Russia, India, and so on. The article discusses the impacts of this disease that may be viewed on a large scale in these countries.

In the article Substance abuse and dependence the author Genevieve Pham-Kanter argued that overdose of medications while the treatment of tuberculosis may lead to substance dependence or addiction. This state is characterised with certain physiological and behavioral symptoms. Also psychopathologies that are associated with substance dependence include antisocial personality disorder, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, and schizophrenia. So, the conclusion in this article may be that not only tuberculosis may influence the psychological state of a person but also the treatment of this disease may cause serious psychological disorders. This article is intended for people who specialize in psychology and psychiatry as well as those who treat the patients with tuberculosis. The article provides no information about the author.

The research that is done by Genevieve Pham-Kanter is valuable for today medicine and may be considered to be reliable. The author used the following methods in the research: physical examination, screening questionnaires and patient histories, and laboratory tests. In the article Psychosocial Factors in Medical and Psychological Treatment Avoidance: The Role of the Doctor Patient Relationship David Williams, James Jackson, Nancy E. Adler investigated the influence of doctor-patient relationships on the patients avoidance of treatment. The authors examined the community of 1106 adults.

The researchers concluded that in the cases when the doctor listened more to the patients concerns the patients were more likely to accept the prescribed medical treatment. So, findings suggest that patients perceptions of how they are treated by physicians may help explain why many people delay or avoid healthcare treatment, even when faced with a significant health problem. The authors work in George Washington University and University of Michigan. The information in reliable, and is intended for general practitioners.

Lewis Mehl-Madrona, M. D. , Ph. D. in his research Stress and Immunity investigated the impacts of stress on immune system. He experimented on animals and observed the effects of stress. The researcher came to the following conclusions: the stress of crowding prior to and following tuberculosis infection affects the outcome of the infection in mice.

Social disruption in mice causes reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus. Stress enhances the reactivation of latent herpes viruses including the Epstein-Barr virus in humans. While examine the effects of stress on human, Lewis Mehl-Madrona used such methods as: life-stree's interview and questionnaire. The information in the article is reliable and is intended for general practitioners. Reading this article, I concluded that tuberculosis causes stress that affects immune system of the patient and may influence the outcome of the disease. In the article Viewing disease as the synergistic interaction of host, agent, and environment Nevin S.

Scrimshaw argued that the agent of disease is not sufficient it explain the cause of this disease. The researcher proved that the impact of an agent depends on social, physical and biological factors of the environment. Also the author concluded that if nutritional and other diseases are viewed as problems in human ecology, the primary health-care approach to their prevention follows naturally. I think that this research emphasizes the necessity to take into consideration the factors of environment while dealing with prevention and treatment of disease. The article contains no information about the author. To my mind this article is intended for health care professionals.

In his research Nevin S. Scrimshaw used method if viewing disease through epidemiological approach to causation. Also the author conducted a number of experiments to support his assumptions. The results of these experiments were shown in the graphic schemes. To my mind the information that is included into the article may be considered to be reliable. Bibliography: Andy Buchanan, Tuberculosis in Russia: The Social Impacts, Disease & Society, 8 December 2004 Retrieved Mar. 19 2005 from web disease / diseases 04 /russia.

html Barnes PF, Cave MD. Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1149 - 56. Tuberculosis Research and Training Center Chakraborty, A K Epidemiology of tuberculosis: Current status in India.

Indian Journal of Medical Research, Oct 2004 Retrieved Mar. 19 2005 from web Michael Samson: Ocular Tuberculosis. Indian Journal of Tuberculoses. Vol. XXXVI # 4 Retrieved Mar. 19 2005 from http: // 64. 233. 183. 104 /search? q = cache: RGHMknQ 3 LD 8 J: mohawk. nic.

in / lrs /IJTB/Year% 25201989 /October% 252019 89. pdf+C. +Michael+Samson: +Ocular+Tuberculosis. +Ret river+&hl = en Dao Nguyen, Paul Brassard, Dick Menzies, Louise Thibert, Rob Warren, Serge Mostowy, and Marcel Behr, (2003) Genomic Characterization of an Endemic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain: Evolutionary and Epidemiologic Implications, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2004, p. 2573 - 2580, Vol. 42, No. 6 David Williams, James Jackson, Nancy E. Adler, Psychosocial Factors in Medical and Psychological Treatment Avoidance: The Role of the Doctor Patient Relationship Journal of Health Psychology, Vol. 9, No. 3, 421 - 433 (2004) Retrieved Mar. 21 2005 from web Jackson Y. W. Li M. Sc, Stephen T.

H. Lo M. Sc, Chi-Sing Ng F. R. C. Path: Re: Molecular Detection of M.

tuberculosis DNA in Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis. Diagnostic Molecular Pathology: Volume 10 (1) March 2001 p 68 Retrieved Mar. 19 2005 from web re / dmp /fulltext. 00019606 - 200103000 - 00012. htm Genevieve Pham-Kanter. Substance abuse and dependence Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. 2002. Retrieved Mar. 21 2005 from web Lalit Kant and D. R.

Nagpaul Psychiatric Disorders & Illnesses Perceptions in Tuberculoses. The Indian Journal of Tuberculoses. Vol. 48, 2. New Delhi, April, 2001 web Lewis Mehl-Madrona, M. D. , Ph. D.

Stress and Immunity The Healing Centre. Retrieved Mar. 21 2005 from web Mahesh Kumar Neelala Anand, Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal, E Medicine. eMedicine. com, Inc, November 5, 2004 Retrieved Mar. 19 2005 from web Mangwani, Jitendra, Gupta, Anil Kumar, Yadav, C S, Rao, K S: Unusual presentation of shoulder joint tuberculosis: A case report.

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Pacific Orthopaedic Association Jun 2001. Retrieved Mar. 19 2005 from web Monte S Meltzer: Cutaneous Tuberculosis. E Medicine. eMedicine.

com, Inc. November 5, 2004 Retrieved Mar. 19 2005 from web M. V. Burgos A. S. Pym: Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis.

February ERS Journals Ltd 14, 2002 Retrieved Mar. 19 2005 from e. ers journals. com / cgi /content / full / 20 / 36 suppl/ 5 4 S N. Beyers: Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis (TB) in a High-Incidence Setting: New Insights into TB Dynamics and Transmission. 2002 9 th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections Retrieved Mar. 19 2005 from web Nevin S. Scrimshaw Viewing disease as the synergistic interaction of host, agent, and environment. United Nations University.

Retrieved Mar. 21 2005 from web TB Cases in the United States. Module 2. Epidemiology (textbook) Page 4 of 9 Valdinaldo Aragao de Melo; Gustavo Barreto de Melo; Renata Lemos Silva; Nestor Pics; Maria Liza Doria Almeida: Tuberculosis of the cystic duct lymph node, Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. vol. 8 no. 1 Salvador Feb. 2004 Robin Shrestha Kuwahara, Anthropological Contributions to TB Research and Control MPH Division of TB Division of Tuberculosis Elimination TB Notes Newsletter No. 2, 2002 Retrieved Mar. 21 2005 from Elimination web


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Research essay sample on Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Psychiatric Disorders

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