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Example research essay topic: York Random House Negative Behavior - 1,424 words

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Final Assignment For this report, I chose to interview three professionals who deal with teenagers: the school counselors of three different high schools. I thought it would be more insightful than interviewing the teenagers themselves, since those professionals were able to explain to me not only the adolescents perception of racism, sexism, economic opportunity and the media, but also describe how those perceptions are formed, as well as tell me about various programs that are created to address the aforementioned issues. First, I will share the information I got from the school counselors, to be followed by the description of the specific programs, and my assumptions as for how Csikszentmihalyi and Larson authors of Being Adolescent, Mary Pipher author of Reviving Ophelia and Shakur author of Monster would possibly react to those programs. In early adolescence, and individual goes through physical, emotional, and sexual changes. All of these changes can help to explain changes in behavior, as compared to behavior during the middle childhood stage.

Also, adolescence delinquency could also be partly a result of failure to learn tasks in earlier stages, such as early moral development in the early school age stage. If a child is not taught morals at an early age, then they grow up not realizing the importance between right and wrong behavior. A psychosocial crisis is a natural part of human development that occurs during each life stage. These crises are partly caused by cultural expectations and pressures in ones society. The psychosocial crisis that occurs roughly during the time of the early adolescence stage is group identity versus alienation. During this stage, individuals are highly influenced by their peers.

If one feels that they are not accepted by a group of their peers, then this would cause them to feeling alienated. Feeling alienated can cause one to do things they wouldnt normally do in order to feel accepted. During this stage, individuals tend to resolve feeling alienated by giving into peer pressure. Peer pressure can cause one to give into breaking the law in many different ways, such as stealing, smoking drugs, vandalizing, etc.

Also, the failure of a psychosocial crisis at an early stage of development can affect the individual at a later stage in life. For example, the failure to gain trust in a parent in infancy will cause much difficultly for one to trust later on in life. If you dont have people in your life that you can confide in, then this built up emotional restraint could very well lead to abnormal behavior. As a result of failures from a given stage or stages of development, an individual develops a potential core pathology at a different stage. The core pathology that develops during the early adolescence stage, as a result of failures of the psychosocial crises at early stages, is an inability to connect with others. This could cause serious mental and emotional problems, which could result in serious deviant behavior.

Another thing that a psycho socialist looks at when analyzing something is the significant relationships in a persons life. Things such as ones family, culture, and / or ethnic group can have an impact on ones behavior. Newman and Newman basically explain a family as those that have positive influences on one another, but unfortunately, this is not always the case. Some families do not have a strong bond with its members, and in some cases, are considered to be dysfunctional.

In a dysfunctional family, the supposed to be positive influences in ones everyday life can really be a negative influence on a member or members which could cause negative behavior in many ways. Also, the expectations of ones culture or ethnic subculture can cause an individual to behave in a certain way. There are so many different cultures and ethnic groups in the world that some groups can have extremely different beliefs from others. For example, one culture or ethnic group may condemn stealing while another may think that it is morally wrong. A social learning theorist would base their explanation for adolescent delinquency on the role of people observing others negative behavior and imitating it.

Toddlers learn many things from observing and as a result imitating the adults or models in their life and by doing this, they become socialized into their family's and community's way of life. If a child observes negative models, then there is a good chance that they will imitate this behavior. Children usually follow vicarious reinforcement, which means that they are more likely to imitate models behavior when it is condemned or unpunished, rather then when it is punished. For example, if a child watches his / her parent disobeying the law and is either rewarded or unpunished for it, then the child is more likely to adapt this behavior rather than if his / her parent goes to jail for breaking the law. Individuals do not learn through observation when they are toddlers but it is possible to observe and imitate at any stage in life. For example, one adolescent may observe another adolescent gaining wealth through stealing.

The observing adolescent is likely to engage in this wrongful act if he / she sees no sign of punishment or if other peers reward this behavior. The systems theory suggests that everyone in this world are open systems which belong to other open systems and are also composed of various subsystems. For example, an adolescent is an open system which belongs to other open systems such as a family, school, peer groups, etc. , and also has many subsystems which develop in different ways such as physical, emotional, cognitive subsystems, etc. This distinguishes the point that systems are a whole consisting of many parts. This theory also suggests that open systems are subjected to ongoing changes in the environment around them and use adaptive self-regulation as a result of dealing with such changes.

In this case, a systems theorist would look at all of the systems involved in the delinquents life, the development of their subsystems, and how well they adapt to environmental changes. A systems theorist would pay close attention to an adolescent delinquents family system. They would examine the family's boundaries and rules, which affects the individuals of the family. Also, a systems theorist might seek to explain adolescent delinquency through a negative feedback loop. This suggests that a parent ignores a childs suggestions and scolds them for making suggestions, which can cause severe emotional and mental damage to the child.

Such important influences on an individual can in fact be very damaging. Changes in a family member often result in changes in the other family members. For example, if a parent takes on a new job where he or she is constantly away from home, it can affect the other members of the family negatively. This can also be mentally damaging to the members, which in turn causes change in behavior. Also, a systems theorist would look to see if there is any family violence in the family system. There are certain programs that aim to address problems with racism, sexism, economic opportunity and the media.

Some of those programs are administered by the school administration, and some by the local administration. Those programs engage adolescents in activities that teach them about the aforementioned issues and provide some valuable info that might be very helpful to them. Those programs define their problem as adolescents reluctance to participate, since not that many teenagers are willing to spend their time listening to something they do not actually like. Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, authors of Being Adolescent, would most probably suggest that the programs discussed here are not interesting enough for the teenagers to engage in. They would advice creating a learning environment or an atmosphere where a teenager would feel he / she is doing something that he / she likes, not something that is coerced by the adults. Mary Pipher, author of Reviving Ophelia, and Shakur, author of Monster, in my opinion would give the same advice to those in charge of the programs the programs should be structured in such a way that it would be prestigious, or cool, as a teenager would put it, to be a part of such a program.

That would include finding charismatic leaders to supervise the program, as well as making the adolescents interact with each other in a free and outgoing manner. Bibliography Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, Being Adolescent, New York: Random House, 1999. Pipher Reviving Ophelia, Michigan: Zondervan Publishers, 2002. Shakur, Monster, New York: Random House, 2003.


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Research essay sample on York Random House Negative Behavior

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