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Example research essay topic: Understanding And Educating Children With Learning Disabilities - 1,370 words

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Understanding and Educating Children With Learning Disabilities Most of us know, or are taught, at an early age, how to process information and develop an organized plan or strategy when confronted with a problem, whether that problem is social, academic, or job related. Others find such cognitive processes quite difficult. Learning disabilities have only recently been recognized as disabilities. This neurological disorder causes difficulty in organizing information received, remembering them, and expressing information and therefore affects a person's basic function such as reading, writing, comprehension, and reasoning. However, these students with learning disabilities can be taught effective learning strategies that will help them approach tasks more effectively.

There exist quite a few types of learning disabilities because of the differences that people have between each other. Some of the situations commonly found are dyslexia (inability to read), dyscalcula (inability in math reasoning), dysgraphia (difficulty with syntax), visual, and audio difficulties. Generally, a person who has learning disabilities experience difficulties in, writing skills, oral skills, study skills, reading skills, math skills, and social skills. In studying, students experience inability to organize time therefore unable to finish assignments on time, and they have trouble taking notes and following instructions. They often have difficulty spelling correctly and have frequent grammatical errors which results in poor sentence structure and poor penmanship.

If the lecturer speaks too fast, they will have difficulty understanding the lecture and recalling the words. They are usually slow readers and sometimes have incorrect comprehension and poor retention. Confusion with math symbols are common, as well as difficulty with concepts of time and money. Realizing their inabilities result in low self-esteem which greatly affects their social skills.

They might have impulsive behavior and disorientated in time. Dealing with students with learning disabilities takes patience. In the following paragraphs I would like to point out some suggestions and guidelines for a teacher with students with learning disabilities that are advised to used. In order to have an equal education and learning process for every child and treat them all fairly, educators must realize that some children learn differently or much slower than the majority of the students.

These students are considered learning disabled, and has to have extra instructional attention from teachers and parents than someone who has normal learning abilities. Researchers have discovered ways to effectively help children with their disorders and help teachers teach them. The National Center for Learning Disabilities defines learning disabilities as: neurological disorders that interfere with a persons ability to store, process, or produce information, and create a gap between ones ability and performance. This means it can affect ones ability to read, write, speak, or compute math skills. Learning disabilities can affect one or more areas of development.

Just because a student has a disadvantage in learning does not imply that he or she is unintelligent. NCLD states that individuals with learning disorders can have marked difficulties on certain types of tasks while excelling in others. An example of this would be a student who is exceptional in Math might have a severe weakness in English and Composition skills or vise versa. Learning disabilities are not curable and do not go away. According to Teaching LD, learning disabilities continue throughout an individuals life. They do grow out of them with appropriate guidance and instruction; they may learn ways to overcome the difficulties the disability brings.

Researchers have been trying to discover different forms of instruction or methods to teaching children with learning disabilities. H. Lee Swanson, Ph. D. from the University of California-Riverside, performed an intervention study for students with learning disorders. He noted that in the last 20 years, the number of children classified as having learning disabilities has increased substantially from three-quarters of a million to 2. 6 million in 1997.

These children make up half of the schools special education programs. In the study, H. Lee Swanson recommends that teachers should combine direct instruction with strategy instruction. This includes teacher-directed lecture and discussion and teaching ways to learn memorization and study skills. Also, teachers should focus on task difficulty, small interactive groups, and structured questioning and direct responses. These were the strategies that were most effective with the children in the observation.

Kids with educational disabilities worked more effectively when they are in smaller groups with more special attention from the teacher rather than a in large group. They are also less reluctant to answer and ask questions than avoiding doing so in a larger group. These methods proved to increase students in the areas of reading comprehension, vocabulary, and creativity. Moderate effects were made in cognitive processing, word recognition, memory, writing, intelligence, attitude / self -concept, and class ranking. Other methods that may help teachers to learn kids with learning disabilities may be the following: 1) Always ask questions in a clarifying manner, then have the students with learning disabilities describe his or her understanding of the questions. 2) Use an overhead projector with an outline of the lesson or unit of the day. 3) Reduce course load for student with learning disabilities. 4) Provide clear photocopies of your notes and overhead transparencies, if the student benefits from such strategies. 5) Keep oral instructions logical and concise.

Reinforce them with a brief cue words. 6) Have students with learning disabilities underline key words or directions on activity sheets. There might be lots of various strategies and tactics that teachers use and imply to the children with learning disabilities, and I believe that each and every teacher or a tutor has his / her own ones. There is one program called PALS-M that was designed because many teachers were experiencing difficulties adapting the standard curriculums to meet the needs of their learning disabled students. They found that teachers typically taught to large groups, using lesson that incorporated little or no differentiation based on student needs.

Because teachers do not tailor their instruction in response to a students academic difficulty, some schools implement the Specialized Adaptation system in which teachers modify planned instruction in response to an individual students difficulty. Metro-Nashville's Title I is another program designed to help children with LD. It is sculptured for high poverty schools. It includes small group instruction in Math and Reading to improve students academic achievement.

The NCLD described some tips for teachers that takes little effort on their behalf, but helps the student feel more comfortable and improve their learning. According to the NCLD teachers should: 1) Seat students with LD as near as possible to the teacher, but still including them as part as the regular classroom. It keeps them from any distractions. 2) Call their name before addressing them or asking them to recite, and maintain eye contact while speaking to them. 3) Praise their correct work and dont just focus on their mistakes. 4) Give Credit for oral participation on class. 5) Practice materials in the order they will appear on the tests. 6) Encourage their interests and talents by allowing them occasionally to contribute a project instead of a written theme. 7) Give them an opportunity for extra time on tests and quizzes. 8) Do not put them under the pressure of time or competition if it can be avoided. 9) Do not ask them to read aloud without preparation. 10) Be aware of your own communication styles These are just a few examples of what teachers can do to accommodate their LD students. Some people view this as being unfair to the rest of the students, but the other students do not have special needs, so special treatment is allowed in the classroom for these particular students. If nothing is done to help students with LD, the schools drop out and illiteracy rate will continue to increase in America. Therefore as educators, we must make it our priority to include every student in our curriculum and continue to educate ourselves on the new methods to helping the students that need it the most.

We hold the future in our hands. Bibliography web Grauberg, Eva. Elementary Mathematics and Language Difficulties. London: Where 1998. 3.

Jordan, Nancy C. , & Hanich, Laurie. (2000). Mathematical Thinking in Second-Grade Children with Different Forms of LD. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33 (6), 567 - 578.


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