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Internet Voice, or what is now called and known as Voice or Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a kind of technology that gives a person an opportunity to make telephone calls with the help of a broached Internet connection or data network instead of a regular telephone line. (Bellamy. C. J. ) Now there a variety of such services starting with one that allows a person to call other people using the same services and ending with one that allows a person to call to a customary telephone number either it is local, long distance, national, or mobile. Also there are some services that allow a person not only use the VoIP phone or computer, but to make calls through a special adapter using a usual phone. VoIP converts the normal voice signals from a person's telephone into a digital signals that then go over the Internet. After that these signals are converted back at the other end so a person has the opportunity to speak to anyone with a regular phone number.
When making a VoIP call with the use of a phone with an adapter, a person will hear a dial tone and dials just as he / she always has before. VoIP may also allow a person to make a call directly from a computer using a conventional telephone or a microphone. To make a call through VoIP depends on the service that a person is using. One possible way to make a VoIP call is to pick up a phone with an adaptor that connects to an existing high-speed Internet connection and dial a number. This call travels through the local telephone company to the VoIP provider. The phone call goes over the Internet to the called party's local telephone company for the completion of the call.
A different possible way is to plug a microphone headset into the computer. To dial a number a person needs to use the keyboard and this number is routed through the cable modem. In order to make a call through VoIP it is necessary to have the high-speed connection to Internet. A person can do it through a high speed service like DSL or a cable modem. This service is usually free if a person is calling locally, but it usually requires some payments to call abroad, nationally or to the other code area numbers.
Besides VoIP service differs in providing the opportunity to call everywhere. Using some providers a person might call only to some numbers locally or to mobile number, but others might provide a full service, t. i. a person is able to make calls to everywhere. VoIP have some features that a usual phone can not, because of not being digital. If a person has a broadband internet connection, he / she needs not maintain and pay the additional cost for a line just to make telephone calls.
But using VoIP gives an opportunity to talk as long as a person wants and to anybody in the world. Besides a person can use a computer as well during the call. (Keagy, S. ) Yet there are some disadvantages of using such service. Some VoIP services don't work during power outages and the service provider may not offer backup power. Also a person might have difficulties to call some urgent numbers such as 911.
VoIP requires a real-time data streaming cause people expect an interactive data voice exchange. And there is a requirement of Quality of Service (QOS) guarantees in order to enable VOIP applications. QoS doesnt have a common definition and is hard to say exactly what it is. However, there are some definitions used in the communication sphere and basically they describe the technical characteristics of non-time data transmission. (web) In order for the Internet telephony to be as good as usual phone network it should provide its customers with the same high quality voice transmission as standard phone companies do. Besides it should be done consistently. In order for VoIP to be deployed and provide users with an acceptable level of voice quality, its traffic must be guaranteed certain compensating bandwidth, latency, and jitter requirements.
That is why QoS is required for enabling this service. It ensures that VoIP voice packets receive the needed treatment they require. In general, QoS provides better network service by supporting dedicated bandwidth and shaping network traffic. It also provides such services as improvement of loss characteristics, avoiding and managing congestion and controlling the right traffic in the network. In present days the current generation internet does not provide such QoS guarantees. QoS specifications are different at each system layer such as protocols, network, middleware, operating system and are used to configure QoS mechanisms at each layer and total QoS guarantees havent been developed yet.
In order to provide and sustain QoS, resource management must not only consider resource availability and resource control policies, but also an application's QoS requirements measured in terms of the QoS parameters. To ensure the contracted QoS is sustained, it must monitor QoS parameters and reallocate resources in response to system anomalies. Internet protocols are known to be the best on the world because they provide the most used open-system protocol suite. These protocols can be used in communication across any set of interconnected networks and are equally well suited for LAN and WAN communications.
The Internet protocols consist of a suite of communication protocols, of which the two best known are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). The TCP provides reliable transmission of data in an IP environment. It is responsible for verifying the correct delivery of data from client to server. Data can be lost in the intermediate network. TCP adds support to detect errors or lost data and to trigger retransmission until the data is correctly and completely received.
Among the services TCP provides are stream data transfer, full-duplex operation, reliability, efficient flow control, and multiplexing. My strong belief is that the next generation internet will depend on the revised TCP/IP protocol which is the IPv 6. It is sometimes called the Next Generation Internet Protocol or IPng. IPv 6 was recommended by the IPng Area Directors of the Internet Engineering Task Force at the Toronto IETF meeting on July 25, 1994, and was approved by the Internet Engineering Steering Group. (ftp: //ftp. isi.
edu / in -notes / rfc 1752. txt) IPv 6 is a new version of IP which is designed to be an evolutionary step from IPv 4. It is a natural increment to IPv 4. It can be installed as a normal software upgrade in internet devices and is interoperable with the current IPv 4. Its deployment strategy is designed to not have any flag days or other dependencies.
IPv 6 is designed to run well on high performance networks and at the same time still be efficient for low bandwidth networks. In addition, it provides a platform for new internet functionality that will be required in the near future. (Davidso, J) IPv 6 has a transition mechanism which is designed to give the users an opportunity to adopt and deploy IPv 6 in a highly diffuse fashion and to provide direct interoperability between IPv 4 and IPv 6 hosts. The transition to a new version of the Internet Protocol must be incremental, with few or no critical interdependencies, if it is to succeed. The IPv 6 transition allows the users to upgrade their hosts to IPv 6, and the network operators to deploy IPv 6 in routers, with very little coordination between the two.
References Bellamy. C. John. Digital Telephony. Wiley, March 2000 web ftp: //ftp. isi.
edu / in -notes / rfc 1752. txt Keagy, Scott. Integrating Voice and Data Network. Cisco Press, October 2002. Davidso, Jonathan. Voice over IT Fundamentals.
Cisco Press, March 2000.
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