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Example research essay topic: Middle Ages Red Tape - 929 words

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In what sense, is bureaucratic power being described as 'over-towering' or threatening to government The only thing that saves us from bureaucracy is inefficiency. An efficient bureaucracy is the greatest threat to liberty. Eugene McCarthy Before we start talking about bureaucracy, let us define the origin of this word. 'Bureau' (French, borrowed into German) is a desk, or by extension an office (as in 'I will be at the office tomorrow'; 'I work at the Bureau of Statistics'). 'Bureaucracy' is rule conducted from a desk or office, i. e. by the preparation and dispatch of written documents - or, these days, their electronic equivalent.

In the office, are kept records of communications sent and received, the files or archives, consulted in preparing new ones. Bureaucracy existed long before our time. In fact, we can find examples of it in the ancient Egypt, 5000 years before our time. In those times, bureaucracy served the government and was a means by which the government executed its orders. In our time, bureaucracy also serves the government. However, the situation dramatically changed.

Now the government is threatened by the bureaucracy and the bureaucratic power is over-towering it. You may ask: how this obedient instrument of governments will could now become a separate body that dictates its rules to its primary master? The evolution of this problem is extended in centuries. Let us look at the middle ages.

In the middle ages, the most effective kings ruled from horseback: they traveled round the country, armed, accompanied by armed men, and enforced their will. They were prepared if necessary to enforce their will on their armed companions by personal combat, though their prestige was such that this was seldom necessary. The king was accompanied also by 'clerks', i. e.

clergy, who could read and write, who took along a chest containing records and writing materials; the modern bureaucracy developed from this. In modern countries the ruler does not have to fight in person, or travel round much; he or she rules by sending messages, through a bureau. The messages are usually acted on mainly because of the government's moral authority or prestige (a 'status' phenomenon), but also because they can be backed by force, by a 'staff' of police or soldiers. Therefore, the kings became separated from their clerks and their power acquired a distant aspect. Although they still have power this power is weakened. The kings nowadays became dependent on their clergy.

They cannot do anything without their clerks; therefore, their power became formal. In fact, the word formal often comes along with bureaucracy. The modern government may issue some law and it becomes official. But the direct execution of this law, its general performance depends on bureaucrats. They are responsible for the execution of this law at the periphery - the outlying districts, provinces, outskirts. If they are unwilling to execute this law, it will not work.

The government and parliament, two most important branches of political power, are dependent on bureaucracy. From this point, we could name the bureaucracy the fourth branch of power (jurisdiction being the third). And this branch is very powerful. Now, let us analyze modern bureaucracy. The modern bureaucracy is a developed body with many branches.

We face the bureaucrats every day: banks, post, universities, hospitals, etc. In our modern life, everything tends to be bureaucratized, which means that it becomes more complicated. There are five major problems with bureaucracies: red tape, conflict, duplication, imperialism, and waste. 1. Red tape is the existence of complex rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done. Any large organization must have some way of ensuring that one part of the organization does not operate out of step with another. 2. Conflict exists when some agencies work at cross-purposes with other agencies.

The Agricultural Research Service tells farmers how to grow crops more efficiently, while the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service pay farmers to grow fewer crops. Because Congress has 535 members and little strong leadership, it is not surprising that it passes laws that promote inconsistent or even contradictory goals. 3. Duplication occurs when two government agencies seem to be doing the same thing, such as when the Customs Service and the Drug Enforcement Administration both attempt to intercept illegally smuggled drugs. 4. Imperialism refers to the tendency of agencies to grow without regard to the benefits their programs confer or the costs they entail.

Because government agencies seek vague goals and have vague mandates from Congress, it is not surprising that they often take the broadest possible view of their powers. If they do not, interest groups and judges may prod them into doing so. 5. Waste occurs when an agency spends more than is necessary to buy some product or service. An example would be the much-publicized purchase of $ 300 hammers by the military. The conclusion we make is: the bureaucracy is a dangerous and powerful element of our modern life. From one side it threatens the government with government being dependent on it.

The government and, what is more important, common people suffer in many ways from its power. From the other side, we see that bureaucracy became very important and necessary element of todays society. My opinion is, the bureaucracy is useful both to the people and to the government, but it needs to be reformed in the way not to create problems for people. Works Cited The Bureaucracy 14 May 2004 < web >. MAX WEBER: ON BUREAUCRACY 14 May 2004 < web >. Bureaucracy Quotations 14 May 2004 < web >.


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Research essay sample on Middle Ages Red Tape

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